隧道内甲烷蒸气云爆炸特性及杀伤效应研究  

Research on Combustion Characteristics and Injury Effects of Methane Vapor Clouds in Tunnels

作　　者：顾琳琳 徐永行 朱黄浩 王振[2] GU Lin-lin;XU Yong-hang;ZHU Huang-hao;WANG Zhen(School of Safety Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094;School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing 210094)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学安全科学与工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《含能材料》2025年第3期213-224,共12页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3002000);国家自然科学基金(42002266)。

摘　　要：为探究隧道内甲烷蒸气云爆炸波的传播规律与特性,采用Ls-dyna软件中的时空守恒元和求解元(CE/SE)法建立隧道内甲烷空气预混爆炸模型,并通过试验数据验证了模型的准确性。通过数值仿真展示了9.5%浓度燃爆波传播至不同位置的典型波形,分析了超压和温度的传播演化规律,探讨了不同浓度甲烷蒸气云爆炸条件下超压和热辐射对隧道内的杀伤效应。研究表明:燃爆压力波在隧道轴向可分为自由扩展、反射耗散、壁面加速和马赫传播4个阶段,压力变化呈现碰壁跃升、反射衰减和稳定传播3种特征;在隧道径向表现为沿壁面做周期性反射传播,强度随甲烷的消耗逐渐递减。温度场的演化规律在隧道轴向表现为由爆炸中心向隧道出入口对称传播,温度峰值沿程衰减迅速;径向则表现为向隧道底部辐射,随着时间推移,截面温度逐渐趋于一致并缓慢降低。综合燃爆超压和热辐射的杀伤效应,5.0%浓度的甲烷燃爆致死范围为距爆源13.51 m,严重损害范围为13.51~23.51 m,中度损害范围为23.51~160 m;6.5%浓度的甲烷燃爆致死范围为距爆源16.46 m,严重损害范围为16.46~45.36 m,中度损害为范围45.36~160 m;9.5%浓度的甲烷燃爆致死范围为距爆源20.58 m,严重损害范围为20.58~160 m。In order to explore the propagation patterns and characteristics of methane vapor cloud combustion waves in tunnels,the CE/SE(space-time conservation element and solution element)method in LS-DYNA software was employed to establish a pre-mixed explosion model of methane and air in the tunnel,which was validated through experimental data.In this paper,typical combustion waveforms of methane vapor cloud with a concentration 9.5%in different test positions were demonstrated by numerical simulation.The propagation and evolution law of overpressure and temperature was analyzed.The injury effects of overpressure and thermal radiation on human in tunnel were investigated.It was revealed that the combustion pressure wave along the tunnel can be divided into four stages:free expansion,reflection dissipation,wall acceleration,and Mach propagation.The pressure variation presented three characteristics:wall impact rise,reflective decay,and stable propagation.The pressure wave presented a sort of periodical reflection propagation mode radially,while the intensity was declining according to the consumption of methane.The temperature field evolved symmetrically from the ignition point to the tunnel entrance and the peak temperature decayed rapidly along the path.The temperature field radiated from the ignition point to the bottom of the tunnel,leading to a gradual convergence of in a certain section and decreased slowly over time.For the injury effects caused by a combination of combustion overpressure and thermal radiation,the fatal distance was 13.51m,the severe injury distance was 13.51-23.51 m,the moderate injury distance was 23.51-160 m while the concentration of methane vapor cloud was 5%.For the methane vapor cloud with a concentration 6.5%,those distances were 16.46 m,16.46-45.36 m and 45.36-160 m respectively.As for a concentration 9.5%,the fetal distance was 20.58m and the severe injury distance was 20.58-160 m.

关 键 词：隧道 甲烷爆炸 超压分布 温度演化 热辐射 杀伤效应 

分 类 号：TJ5[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TJ089[环境科学与工程—安全科学] X932