城市洪涝中人员疏散过程特征及其模拟研究进展  

Research progress on characteristics and simulation of personnel evacuation process in urban floods

作　　者：王晓哲 陈韬[1,2] 李俊奇[1,2] 李小静[1,2] 高丽军 WANG Xiaozhe;CHEN Tao;LI Junqi;LI Xiaojing;GAO Lijun(Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment,Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Energy Conservation&Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学北京节能减排与城乡可持续发展省部共建协同创新中心,北京100044

出　　处：《水利水电技术(中英文)》2025年第2期15-29,共15页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52370093)。

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,洪涝灾害在城市地区频发,对人民安全产生巨大威胁。受淹道路上和建筑中的居民在灾前灾中的疏散行动尤为重要,直接关系到灾害的严重程度和后续影响。【方法】综合回顾了近年来关于洪涝中人员疏散的研究,对洪涝疏散的风险、人员行为特征、建筑环境的影响和数值模拟四方面进行总结和分析。【结果】洪涝疏散的风险评估已有一定基础,但研究与实际情况的偏差以及缺乏统一标准是主要问题;基于风险评估和路径规划研究了客观的疏散行为,基于经验总结和视频分析归纳汇总了主观的疏散行为;除避难所和楼梯外,其他建筑元素对疏散过程的影响研究明显不足;各疏散模型当前虽能模拟简单场景中的疏散行为,但在复杂行为、建筑刻画和疏散方式等内容上仍需优化。【结论】未来应在试验和模拟的基础上,结合深度学习、大数据等新技术,完善疏散风险控制和人员行为研究,定性及定量的分析各种建筑因素在疏散过程中的帮助和阻碍程度,推进疏散过程特征的探究与模拟之间的成果传化。[Objective]In recent years,urban areas have experienced frequent flooding,posing significant threats to public safety.The evacuation of residents from flooded roads and buildings,both before and during disasters,is critical as it directly influences the severity and aftermath of the disaster.[Methods]A comprehensive review of recent studies on flood evacuation was conducted,focusing on four key areas:flood evacuation risks,characteristics of human behavior,the impact of the built environment,and numerical simulations.[Results]The risk assessment of flood evacuation has established a preliminary foundation,yet discrepancies between research and real-world scenarios,along with the lack of standardized criteria,remain significant challenges.[Objective]Evacuation behavior has been studied through risk assessments and route planning,while subjective behavior has been summarized from empirical data and video analysis.Research on the impact of architectural elements on evacuation,beyond shelters and staircases,is notably insufficient.While current evacuation models can simulate behaviors in simple scenarios,there is still a need for optimization in modeling complex behaviors,architectural features,and evacuation modes.[Conclusion]Future research should integrate deep learning,big data,and other emerging technologies with experimental and simulation-based approaches to enhance flood evacuation risk control and human behavior studies.Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of various architectural factors′facilitating or hindering roles in the evacuation process are necessary.Finally,efforts should be made to translate research findings between the study of evacuation characteristics and simulation practices.

关 键 词：洪涝 人员疏散 疏散速度 建筑环境 行为模型 疏散模型 降水 风险评估 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]