上海市老年人认知障碍的相关因素研究  

A study on related factors of cognitive impairment in the elderly in Shanghai

作　　者：朱婷婷 王常颖[1] 张蕴伟 汪霞晴 牛玉宏[1] Zhu Tingting;Wang Changying;Zhang Yunwei;Wang Xiaqing;Niu Yuhong(Shanghai Health Development Research Center/Shanghai Medical Information Center,Shanghai,200031,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海市卫生和健康发展研究中心/上海市医学科学技术情报研究所,上海200031

出　　处：《老年医学与保健》2025年第1期98-103,共6页Geriatrics & Health Care

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金资助项目(23ZR1458400);上海市卫生健康委员会政策研究课题专项(2024HP02)。

摘　　要：目的了解上海市60岁及以上老年人认知障碍城乡差异,分析各相关因素在差异中的贡献程度。方法采用多阶段随机抽样抽取上海市4945例60岁及以上老年人作为研究对象。通过问卷调查收集社会人口学信息、行为生活方式和慢性病患病情况等资料,采用简易智力状态检查量表评估认知功能。使用二分类Logistic回归模型分析影响城乡老年人认知障碍的因素,并通过Fairlie分解量化各因素的贡献水平。结果城区和郊区老年人认知障碍筛查阳性率分别为37.57%和44.53%,郊区老年人认知障碍发生风险高于城区老年人(OR=1.594,P<0.05)。年龄≥76岁、文化程度初中、脑力劳动、体育锻炼、糖尿病和神经系统疾病与城乡老年人认知障碍发生有相关性。城乡老年人认知障碍差异值约为007,特征效应占24.12%。年龄、文化程度、职业、体育锻炼、糖尿病、高脂血症、甲状腺疾病和神经系统疾病对认知障碍城乡差异影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论上海市老年人认知障碍可能存在城乡差异,郊区老年人认知障碍发生风险更高。Objective To explore the urban-rural differences in cognitive impairment among elderly people aged 60 and above in Shanghai and analyze the contribution degree of each related factor to the difference.Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 4945 elderly people aged 60 and above in Shanghai as the research subjects.Their information on the demographic characteristics,behavioral lifestyle and chronic disease status were collected through questionnaires,and their cognitive function was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination.The binary Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive impairment,and Fairlie decomposition analysis was performed to quantify the contribution level of each factor.Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment among elderly in urban areas and rural areas were 37.57%and 44.53%,respectively,and the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly in rural areas was higher than that in the elderly in urban areas(OR=1.594,P<0.05).Age≥76 years,junior high school education,mental work,physical exercise,diabetes,and neurological diseases were associated with cognitive impairment.The difference in the cognitive impairment between urban and rural elderly people was about 0.07,and the characteristic effect accounted for 24.12%.Age,education level,occupation,physical exercise,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,thyroid disease and neurological diseases had a statistically significant impact on the urban-rural differences in cognitive impairment(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a significant urban-rural difference in the prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in Shanghai.The elderly in rural areas has a higher risk of developing cognitive impairments.

关 键 词：老年人 认知障碍 影响因素 城区 郊区 

分 类 号：R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]