老年认知功能障碍患者循证干预方案的构建与应用研究  

Construction and application of an evidence-based intervention program for elderly patients with cognitive impairment

作　　者：张佳芳 李晓晶[1] 张晨华 肖霞 Zhang Jiafang;Li Xiaojing;Zhang Chenhua;Xiao Xia(Department 1 of Neurology,First Hospital of Handan City,Handan,Hebei,056004,P.R.China;Department of Nursing,First Hospital of Handan City,Handan,Hebei,056004,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸市第一医院神内一科,河北邯郸056004 [2]邯郸市第一医院护理部,河北邯郸056004

出　　处：《老年医学与保健》2025年第1期104-108,共5页Geriatrics & Health Care

摘　　要：目的构建老年认知功能障碍患者循证干预方案,并探究其应用效果。方法通过检索文献、质量评价、获取老年认知功能障碍的最佳证据,拟定循证干预方案初稿,应用德尔菲专家咨询后,最终形成循证干预方案。前瞻性选取2022年3月—2024年3月在邯郸市第一医院治疗的老年认知功能障碍患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=50)和对照组(n=50)。对照组给予常规干预,观察组在与对照组相同干预的基础上加用循证干预方案,2组患者均连续干预3个月。比较干预前后2组患者认知功能、日常生活能力及心理状态变化。结果与同组干预前比较,干预后2组患者MMSE、MoCA、ADL评分和脑电图α频段、β频段均升高(P<0.05),且观察组MMSE、MoCA、ADL评分和脑电图α频段、β频段均高于对照组(P<0.05);与同组干预前相比,干预后2组患者SAS、SDS评分和脑电图θ频段、频段均降低(P<0.05),且观察组SAS、SDS评分和脑电图θ频段、频段均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论构建并应用循证干预方案可有效改善老年认知功能障碍患者的认知功能,提升其日常生活能力,缓解其负性情绪。Objective To develop an evidence-based intervention program for elderly patients with cognitive impairment and evaluate its clinical application effects.Methods Through literature retrieval,quality evaluation,and identification of best evidence of cognitive impairment in the elderly,a first draft of an evidence-based intervention program was developed.Finally,an evidence-based intervention program was constructed after the application of Delphi expert consultation.A total of 100 elderly patients with cognitive impairment treated in First Hospital of Handan City from March 2022 to March 2024 were prospectively selected and divided into observation group(n=50)and control group(n=50)by random number table method.The control group received routine interventions,while the observation group received the evidence-based intervention program on the basis of the control group.Both groups were intervened for 3 months.The changes of cognitive function,daily living ability and mental state of the two groups were compared before and after intervention.Results Compared with the same group before the intervention,the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),and Activities of Daily Living(ADL)and the values ofαandβfrequency bands of electroencephalogram(EEG)increased significantly after the intervention(P<0.05),and the observation group was higher than the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the same group before the intervention,the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and the values ofθand frequency bands of EEG decreased significantly after the intervention(P<0.05),and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of the evidence-based intervention program can effectively improve cognitive function,enhances daily living ability,and alleviates negative emotions in elderly patients with cognitive impairment.

关 键 词：老年 认知功能障碍 循证干预方案 日常生活能力 实证研究 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]