《靠鲸生活的人》中共同体的分裂、焚毁与错位  

The Dissolution,the Conflagration and the Dislocation of Communities in People of the Whale

作　　者：李双双 谢江南[1] LI Shuangshuang;XIE Jiangnan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学外国语学院

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2024年第6期130-138,共9页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“美国族裔文学中的文化共同体思想研究”(21&ZD281);国家社会科学基金一般项目“北美印第安文学中的共同体书写研究”(21BWW067);国家社会科学基金一般项目“萧伯纳中后期戏剧研究与翻译”(19BWW066)

摘　　要：《靠鲸生活的人》源自美国本土裔作家琳达·霍根对玛卡部落捕鲸的见证,表达了契卡索族作家对土著共同体在现代世界的遭遇的关注和反思。白人捕鲸者的到来在一定程度上促进了地方经济发展,但过度捕鲸造成的自然灾害和白人捕鲸者携带的病毒夺去了大多数印第安人的生命,导致承载部落世界观和价值观的口述传统中断。此外,与白人捕鲸者的接触使印第安人受到了白人文化的浸染,加剧了部落共同体的分裂以及个体的身份焦虑。印第安人试图在与白人形成的战争共同体中找到身份认同,但个体对于共同体内在消灭他者逻辑的不服从,焚毁了这个虚构的共同体。回到部落之后,战争创伤使退伍士兵做出了杀鲸的应激反应,它破坏了人与鲸原有的亲密关系,导致了生命共同体的错位。霍根揭示了对传统进行形式主义的操演不能重塑部落共同体,部落共同体必须建立在文化传统的发展和共有的责任意识上。《靠鲸生活的人》立足于现实问题,为迷失的现代印第安人指出了一条“回家”的路,也为印第安人与白人的共同体建构提供了经验和教训,同时它向生活在这个世界中的我们召唤着人与自然生命共同体的到来。Derived from Native American writer Linda Hogan's witness to the Makah whale hunt,People of the Whale expresses the concerns and reflections of the Chickasaw writer on the encounters of indigenous communities in the modern world.The arrival of white whalers boosts the local economy to a certain extent,but natural disasters caused by excessive whaling and viruses carried by white whalers cost the lives of most Indians,leading to the disruption of the oral traditions that carry the tribal worldview and values.In addition,contact with white whalers infiltrates Indians with white culture,exacerbating the dissolution of the tribal community as well as individual identity anxieties.Indians attempt to find identity in the war community formed with whites,but individual disobedience to the logic of extermination of the other inherent in the community conflagrates this imagined community.Returning to tribal whaling,the trauma of war casues veterans to react with the stress of killing a whale,which destroys the original intimacy between man and whale and results in the dislocation of the community of life.Hogan reveals that the formalistic performance of tradition cannot reshape tribal community,which should be built on the development of cultural traditions and a shared sense of responsibility.Grounded in reality,People of the Whale points the way“home”for the lost modern Indians and provides lessons for the construction of the Indian-white community while it calls to us living in this world the arrival of a community of life between man and nature.

关 键 词：《靠鲸生活的人》 共同体 分裂 焚毁 错位 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]