析王充对董仲舒心性学的修正  

The Analysis of Wang Chong’s Correction of Dong Zhongshu’s Mind-nature Theory

作　　者：彭彦华 Peng Yan Hua

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地山东师范大学齐鲁文化研究院 [2]尼山世界儒学中心

出　　处：《朱子学研究》2024年第2期337-355,共19页Zhuism Journal

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列重大项目“陆王心学与当代国人的人文信仰建构研究”(项目编号:20GZGX09)之阶段性成果

摘　　要：董仲舒以万物本元论、天人感应论为其心性论的基本前提,提出“道之大原出于天”,把天说成以阴阳五行为基本结构的系统化整体,并赋予天以目的论的意义,从而论证“立王”是出于“天意”和王者教化的必要性;认为人性中有“善质”或“善端”,这正是王者教化应“任德不任刑”的人性论根据,建立了天人目的论的心性哲学。王充以“天道自然无为”为其哲学基础,彻底否定了董仲舒的目的论和道德主体论,提出人性生于自然的命题,把性归结为阴阳之气所生而不变的“质性”,即自然资质。面对董仲舒的“性善情恶说”,王充指出“性情同生于阴阳”,不能以阴阳分性情善恶;提出“人性有善有恶”的思想,“禀气有厚薄,故性有善恶也”,这都是由禀气之厚薄所决定的;强调人禀元气而成其性是一个自然造化的客观过程,这对董仲舒“天人感应”的神话是个否定。Dong Zhongshu takes“the theory of the fundamental nature of all things|”and“heaven-man induction”,as the basic premise of his theory of mind and nature,and puts forward that’the origin of Tao is from heaven’.He regards heaven as a systematic whole with the basic structure of yin and yang and five elements,and endows heaven with the meaning of teleology.Therefore,it is proved that’establishing the king’is out of the necessity of’heavenly will’and the king’s education;it is believed that there is’good quality’or’good nature’in human nature,which is the basis of the theory of human nature that the king should educate’no punishment’,and establishes the philosophy of mind and nature of the teleology of heaven and man.Based on the philosophical foundation of“natural law do-nothingness,”Wang Chong completely denied Dong Zhongshu’s teleology and moral subject theory,and put forward the proposition that human nature is born in nature,and attributed it to the“quality”of yin and yang,that is,natural qualification.In the face of Dong Zhongshu’s’theory of good nature and evil disposition’,it is pointed out that’temperament is born in yin and yang’,and yin and yang cannot be used to distinguish good and evil nature.He put forward the idea of’human nature has good and evil’,’the natural instincts has thick and thin,so the nature has good and evil.This is determined by the thickness of the natural instincts;it emphasizes that the formation of human nature is an objective process of natural creation,which is a negation of Dong Zhongshu’s myth of“heaven-man induction.”

关 键 词：王充 董仲舒 心性学 修正 

分 类 号：B234.8[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B234.5