戴震“反理学”说再考察  

Are-examination of the Theory of Dai Zhen’s“Anti-Neo-Confucianism”

作　　者：邓林 Deng Lin

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学

出　　处：《朱子学研究》2024年第2期257-273,共17页Zhuism Journal

摘　　要：分析《孟子字义疏证》表明,学术界长期流行的戴震“反理学”说还存在需要补充和修正的地方。首先,在程、朱与陆、王之间,戴震虽然选择重点批驳程朱理学,但也明显在偏向或袒护程、朱。理学沾染了佛、道之学固然是戴震“反理学”的主要原因,但从戴震区别对待程、朱与陆、王来看,更重要的原因其实在于当时的程朱理学已经成为了官学,导致其入“人心”更深。其次,戴震对程朱理学确实多有批驳,但戴震明确区分了“其人”与“其言”,就此而言戴震反的是“理学”其言,而不是程、朱其人。最后,戴震将“闻道”作为一生治学的终极目标,这是他与程、朱之间的重要共同点,也是戴震能够始终礼敬程、朱的重要原因。By analysing the Commentary on the Meanings of Terms in the Book of Mencius,we can see that there are still places for supplementation and revision of Dai Zhen’s“Anti-Neo-Confucianism”theory,which has been popular for a long time in the academic world.First of all,between“Cheng-Zhu(程、朱)”and“Lu-Wang(陆、王)”,although Dai Zhen chose to focus on criticism of Cheng-Zhu neo-confucianism,but also clearly biased or protected“Cheng-Zhu”.The main reason for Dai Zhen’s“anti-neo-confucianism”is that neo-confucianism is contaminated with Buddhism and Taoism,but judging from Dai Zhen’s different treatment of“Cheng-Zhu”and“Lu Wang”,the more important reason is that the Cheng-Zhu neo-confucianism has been official,leading to its“People’s concept”deeper.Secondly,Dai Zhen did have some criticisms of Cheng and Zhu,but Dai Zhen made a clear distinction between“His people”and“His words”.In this sense,Dai Zhen is anti-neo-confucianism,but not anti-Cheng-Zhu.Finally,in Dai Zhen’s view,“Wen Dao(闻道)”as the ultimate goal of his lifelong scholarship,which is an important common point between him and“Cheng-Zhu”,it is also an important reason why Dai Zhen has always respected“Cheng-Zhu”.

关 键 词：戴震 反理学 理学 《孟子字义疏证》 

分 类 号：B249.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]