教育对女性生育意愿的影响及作用机制  

The Impact of Education on Female Fertility Intentions and Its Mechanisms

作　　者：齐晓雨 张成 QI Xiao-yu;ZHANG Cheng(Faculty of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2024年第6期98-122,共25页China Economics of Education Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人口高质量发展的内涵与实现路径研究”(23&ZD182);中国社会科学院青年人文社会科学研究中心社会调研项目“新发展阶段回流劳动力再就业问题调研”(2024QNZX013)

摘　　要：生育意愿低是众多国家面临的现实问题。随着女性受教育水平的提高,教育与女性生育意愿的关系正在受到更多关注。文章基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,分析了教育对女性生育意愿的影响及其作用机制。结果表明,受教育水平的提高对女性生育意愿具有一定程度的抑制作用,采用工具变量法解决内生性问题后,结论仍然成立。异质性分析表明,教育对女性生育意愿的影响存在城乡、户籍类型、区域以及年龄段差异。机制分析发现,教育会通过推迟初婚年龄、提高机会成本、增强性别平等观念和改变生育观念降低女性生育意愿。Low fertility intentions are a real issue facing many countries.With the increase in women's education level,the relationship between education and women's fertility intentions is receiving increased attention.This paper employs data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)to analyze the impact of education on women's fertility intentions and its mechanisms.The results show that education has a significant negative effect on women's fertility intentions.This conclusion remains valid even after addressing endogeneity problem using the instrumental variable method.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the effect of education on women's fertility intentions varies across urban-rural settings,hukou types,regions,and age groups.Mechanism analysis suggests that education reduces women's fertility intentions by delaying the age at first marriage,increasing opportunity costs,enhancing gender equality attitudes,and changing fertility attitudes.

关 键 词：教育 生育意愿 异质性 机制 生育支持 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学] C924.21[文化科学—教育技术学]