ABO血型系统的分子生物学研究进展  

Advances in molecular biology research on ABO bloodgroup system

作　　者：宋文倩[1] 周世航[1] SONG Wenqian;ZHOU Shihang(Blood Group Laboratory,Dalian Blood Center,Dalian,Liaoning,116o0l,China)

机构地区：[1]大连市血液中心血型研究室,辽宁大连116001

出　　处：《临床血液学杂志》2025年第2期157-160,共4页Journal of Clinical Hematology

摘　　要：ABO血型系统作为输血医学、器官移植和法医学等领域中至关重要的血型系统之一,一直备受关注。文章介绍了ABO血型抗原的生化合成机制,包括前体物质H抗原、A、B和O抗原的合成过程;详细描述了ABO基因编码区的等位基因突变,并阐述了这些突变对糖基转移酶功能的影响;讨论了ABO基因非编码区转录水平的调控,以及转录因子与启动子和增强子的相互作用;还涉及了ABO基因蛋白水平的研究,包括糖基转移酶的结构和功能。总之,文章总结了ABO血型系统的基础知识及相关研究进展,认为对ABO血型系统的研究需要跨越血清学水平,深入了解基因编码区突变、转录调控、翻译和蛋白表达等方面,以促进临床研究和治疗的发展。The ABO blood group system,as one of the critical blood group systems in transfusion medicine,organ transplantation,and forensic science,has always attracted significant attention.This paper introduces the biochemical synthesis mechanism of ABO blood group antigens,including the synthesis processes of precursor substance H antigen,and A,B and O antigens.It provides a detailed description of allelic mutations in the coding region of the ABO gene and explains how these mutations affect the function of glycosyltransferases.The paper discusses the transcriptional regulation of the non-coding region of the ABO gene,including the interaction between transcription factors,promoters and enhancers.It also covers research at the protein level of the ABO gene,including the structure and function of glycosyltransferases.In summary,this paper reviews the basic knowledge and related research progress of the ABO blood group system.It suggests that research on the ABO blood group system should go beyond the serological level and delve into gene coding region mutations,transcriptional regulation,translation,and protein expression to promote the development of clinical research and treatment.

关 键 词：ABO血型系统 血型抗原 基因突变 转录调控 蛋白水平 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学]