运作国家资本主义:1954—1955年的上海中药材公私联购  

Operating State Capitalism:Public-Private Joint Purchase of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Shanghai(1954—1955)

作　　者：周永生 ZHOU Yongsheng

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史系,330022

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2025年第1期11-18,56,200,共10页History Research And Teaching

基　　金：江西省文化艺术科学规划一般项目“江西中药文化构建实践研究(1949—2020)”(YG2021130);华东师范大学新文科创新平台项目“上海工业化史料数据库建设”(2022ECNUXWK—SJ07)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公私联购是社会主义商业改造过程中的一种国家资本主义形式,联购过程中,公营商业居于领导地位,私商活动受到严格规范。以上海1954至1955年间的中药材公私联购实践为例,其日常运作需要人力管理、资金筹集、采购汇报、商品验收等具体制度的建立及完善。公营商业的领导作用突出,但联购的实施同样有赖于私营采购人员长期积累的技术知识,且传统的商业习惯在这一过程中仍发挥着一定作用。Public-private joint purchasing was a manifestation of state capitalism during the socialist commercial transformation,where public enterprises led the joint purchasing efforts,and private business activities were subject to stringent regulation.Focusing on the practice of public-private joint purchasing of Chinese herbal medicines in Shanghai from 1954 to 1955,this paper examines the day-to-day operations of such joint ventures.It posits that the achievements of these ventures hinged on the establishment and refinement of specific systems,including human resource management,fund-raising,procurement reporting,and commodity acceptance.While the leadership of public enterprises was pivotal,the execution of joint purchasing also depended heavily on the technical expertise accumulated by private buyers and the continued influence of their business practices.

关 键 词：公私联购 社会主义商业改造 技术知识 商业习惯 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]