从“被动防控”到“以治促防”:殖民时期肯尼亚公共卫生治理的初次调适  

From "Passive Prevention and Control" to "Promotion of Prevention through Treatment":The Initial Adaptation of Public Health Governance in Colonial Kenya

作　　者：韩鑫鹏 HAN Xinpeng

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2025年第1期95-106,203,共13页History Research And Teaching

摘　　要：殖民时期肯尼亚公共卫生治理经历了明显的阶段性变化。初期,公共卫生政策以欧洲定居者为中心,以“被动防控”的姿态应对传染病,忽视了非洲居民的健康需求。此时期的卫生举措与当地传统医疗观念冲突,强制性手段加剧了政府与民众的信任危机。一战期间,征兵体检揭示出非洲居民普遍存在的健康问题,加之雅司病的流行,促使殖民政府重新审视公共卫生形势。战后,本土舆论、经济需求及地方抗议等因素推动政府调整公共卫生政策。1921年《公共卫生法》的出台,标志着政府将医疗资源向农村和保留地倾斜,采取“以治促防”方针以赢得非洲人的信任,并着力培养本土医疗辅助人员。这一转变不仅体现了殖民政府治理理念的调整,也标志着肯尼亚公共卫生治理模式的重大进步。During the colonial period,Kenya's public health governance underwent significant phased changes.In the early stages,public health policies centered on European settlers,adopting a "passive prevention and control" approach to infectious diseases while neglecting the health needs of African residents.Health initiatives during this period clashed with local traditional medical beliefs,and coercive measures exacerbated the trust crisis between the government and the populace.During World War Ⅰ,military recruitment examinations revealed widespread health issues among African residents,coupled with the prevalence of yaws,prompting the colonial government to reevaluate the public health situation.After the war,factors such as local public opinion,economic demands,and local protests drove the government to adjust its public health policies.The enactment of the Public Health Act in 1921 marked a shift in government resources towards rural areas and reserves,adopting a "promotion of prevention through treatment" approach to win the trust of Africans,and focusing on training local medical auxiliaries.This transformation not only reflected an adjustment in the colonial government's governance philosophy but also marked a significant progress in Kenya's public health governance model.

关 键 词：肯尼亚 公共卫生 治理 殖民统治 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]