聋人的共情特点研究:来自眼动和脑电的证据  

The characteristic of empathy in deaf individuals:evidence from hybrid eye tracking-EEG

作　　者：武向慈 赵凯宾 杨春英 贾会宾 王恩国[1] 晋争[3] Xiangci Wu;Kaibin Zhao;Chunying Yang;Huibin Jia;Enguo Wang;Zheng Jin(School of Psychology,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;School of Special Education,Zhengzhou Normal University,Zhengzhou 450044,China;Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychological Data Science,Zhengzhou Normal University,Zhengzhou 450044,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学心理学院,开封475004 [2]郑州师范学院特殊教育学院,郑州450044 [3]郑州师范学院心理学(行为与认知科学)国际联合实验室,郑州450044

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第8期1091-1102,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(20FJKB005);河南省自然科学基金(242300421311);河南省科技攻关项目(242102321087);河南省国际科技合作重点项目(241111520300);河南大学研究生教育创新与质量提升计划(SYLYC2022039);中国博士后科学基金(2022M721016)资助。

摘　　要：以往研究发现聋人存在共情能力降低现象.本研究分别通过问卷调查和社会排斥共情范式评估了聋人的特质和状态共情,旨在探究聋人的共情能力及其共情信息加工中的视觉注意特点与神经机制.问卷调查发现:与听人相比,聋人个体在共情量表的共情关注和想象维度得分显著更低,这提示聋人存在较低水平的特质情绪共情和特质认知共情能力.在社会排斥共情任务中,与听人相比,聋人个体具有显著更高的N1、P3和LPC波幅.这表明聋人个体表现出显著更强的状态情绪共情反应,并在刺激分类评估中付出更多的心理加工资源.上述晚期成分(即P3和LPC)结果可能与聋人个体相对更低的目标人物面部平均注视时间有关.本研究还发现在听人组,社会接纳和社会排斥图片诱发的P3/LPC波幅无显著差异;在聋人组,社会排斥图片诱发的P3/LPC波幅显著高于社会接纳图片.这可能与聋人个体独特的视觉注意特点密切相关,即聋人个体面部注视次数百分比显著高于听人个体.该视觉注意特点可能导致聋人对社会排斥图片判断时更难从面部注视中解离,且需要付出更多的心理加工资源.相关研究成果不仅加深了我们对聋人社会性疼痛共情能力和特点的理解,也有助于为改善聋人群体的心理健康和社会功能提供理论依据.Previous research has found that compared with hearing individuals,deaf individuals have similar level in emotional empathy,but there are significant lower level in cognitive empathy.However,these studies have certain limitations both in terms of research methods and research content.This study assessed the trait and state empathy of deaf individuals through questionnaires and the social exclusion empathy paradigm respectively,aiming to explore the empathy ability of deaf individuals and the visual attention characteristics and neural mechanisms in the processing of empathic information.The questionnaire used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C(IRI-C),which can be used to assess the trait empathy.When completing the social exclusion empathy task,participants needed to judge whether the target person in the social inclusion/exclusion pictures was psychologically uncomfortable.During the experiment,their EEG and eye movement data were recorded simultaneously.The questionnaire survey found that compared with hearing individuals,deaf individuals scored significantly lower on the Empathic Concern and Fantasy dimensions of the IRI-C,which suggests that deaf individuals have significantly lower levels of trait emotional empathy and trait cognitive empathy.Analysis of eye movement data in the social exclusion empathy task found that:(1)Compared with participants in the hearing group,the average duration of fixations of deaf participants was significantly shorter.This suggests to us that compared with hearing individuals,deaf individuals’processing depth is significantly shallower each time they fixate on a picture;(2)The percentage of facial fixations of deaf participants is significantly higher than that of the hearing participants.This indicated that deaf individuals obtain social interaction information more from the target person′s facial expressions than hearing people.Analysis of EEG data in the social exclusion empathy task found that:(1)Deaf individuals have significantly higher N1 and P3 amplitudes compared

关 键 词：聋人 共情 视觉注意 眼动-脑电同步技术 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]