论检察民事公益诉讼及代表人之诉讼适用优先性  

On the Priority of Application in Procuratorial Civil Public Interest Litigation and Representative Litigation

作　　者：林子轩 林航 Zixuan Lin;Hang Lin(Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院,上海201701

出　　处：《法学学刊》2025年第1期19-21,共3页

摘　　要：目前我国在公益诉讼中存在民事及行政公益诉讼两大领域,其中检察民事公益诉讼作为党的十八大以后创立的新兴法律制度,其权力来源归属于公权拟制,目的是为保护人民权益、避免其受到当前乃至未来的损害;而代表人诉讼,作为民事诉讼中不可或缺的法律制度之一,其在实践表征和法律效果上同检察民事公益诉讼有着一定的相似性,对于何时区分适用二者,检察民事公益诉讼和代表人诉讼虽都具有权利代表的外在表征,究其实质,代表人诉讼是私益维护的手段,而检察民事公益诉讼是公益维护的可靠路径,在涉及主体众多且案件情形相近的民事纠纷中,应优先适用代表人诉讼;而在民事公权保护领域中,对于起诉主体难以界定的情况,应优先适用检察民事公益诉讼以保护居于民事领域的公共利益,避免因主体缺位而导致的公权损害。Currently,there are two major areas of public interest litigation in China:civil and administrative public interest litigation.Among them,prosecutorial civil public interest litigation,as an emerging legal system established after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,has its power source attributed to the drafting of public rights,with the aim of protecting people's rights and interests and avoiding their current and future damage;As one of the indispensable legal systems in civil litigation,representative litigation has certain similarities in practical representation and legal effects with prosecutorial civil public interest litigation.When it comes to distinguishing between the two,although prosecutorial civil public interest litigation and representative litigation both have the external representation of rights representation,in essence,representative litigation is a means of safeguarding private interests,and prosecutorial civil public interest litigation is a reliable path for safeguarding public interests.In civil disputes involving multiple subjects and similar case situations,representative litigation should be given priority;In the field of civil public rights protection,for situations where the plaintiff is difficult to define,priority should be given to using prosecutorial civil public interest litigation to protect the public interest in the civil field and avoid public rights damage caused by the absence of the plaintiff.

关 键 词：检察民事公益诉讼 代表人诉讼 监督权 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]