基于油料植物亲疏水结构的油水分离结构设计  

Structural design of oil-water separation structure based on hydrophilic-hydrophobic structure of oil-bearing plants

作　　者：洪嘉驹 詹夏华 孙铎 张洪朋 HONG Jiaju;ZHAN Xiahua;SUN Duo;ZHANG Hongpeng(Marine Engineering College,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学轮机工程学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《沈阳工业大学学报》2025年第2期231-237,共7页Journal of Shenyang University of Technology

基　　金：教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目(HZKY20220417);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52271303);辽宁省“振兴人才计划”项目(XLYC2002074)。

摘　　要：【目的】石油化工产品在生产、运输和使用的过程中易发生泄漏,对海洋环境、海洋生物资源和滨海城市环境造成严重危害。因此,需要优化油水分离技术,以便回收海上溢油并净化海洋环境,这对海洋油污控制等方面具有重要应用价值。吸附法作为一种发展前景较好的油水分离技术,较为适合海上溢油的处理,且其处理污染的能力与吸附材料和吸附结构有关。目前对吸附法的研究大多集中于材料优化领域,而针对吸附结构改进方面的研究较少。为了优化吸附法油水分离技术,结合仿生学从结构层面为吸附法提供了可行性优化方案,为该领域研究提供思路参考。【方法】针对传统由单一吸油材料组成的吸附结构进行优化,基于仿生工程提出了一种新型吸附结构。首先分析了水生植物茎部的稀疏多孔特性,选用类似的多孔材料泡沫铜作为吸附结构的主要材料。而后分析了油料作物内部维管结构具有更高油水分离能力的理论原因:油通道与水通道并行排布的结构产生了马兰戈尼效应,使得油水之间形成拉力。基于此设计了相应层状结构,提出了由亲油疏水材料和亲水疏油材料交错叠加形成的新型油水分离结构。将泡沫铜浸入过硫酸钾与氢氧化钾混合液中制备亲水疏油材料。将泡沫铜浸入正己烷与聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合液中制备亲油疏水材料。通过实验对比新型组合叠加吸附结构与传统单一吸油结构的吸附能力。将两种吸附结构分别置于等体积的1%、5%和10%(体积分数)乳化油水混合物与未乳化油水混合物中,测定相同时间内两种结构的油液吸附量。【结果】在大多数条件下新型结构的吸附速率和吸油量均高于传统单一吸附结构。【结论】证明了亲油疏水层和亲水疏油层交错叠加的吸附结构方案的可行性,亲水层的加入可有效提高吸附结构的吸油能力。因�[Objective]Petrochemical products are prone to leakage during production,transportation,and use,causing serious harm to the marine environment,marine biological resources,and coastal city environment.Therefore,there is a need to optimize the oil-water separation technology,in order to recover marine oil spills and purify the marine environment,which has important application value for marine oil pollution control and other aspects.The adsorption method,as a kind of oil-water separation technology with a good development prospect,is suitable for the treatment of marine oil spills.Its ability to deal with pollution is related to the adsorption material and adsorption structure.At present,most of the research on the adsorption method focuses on the field of material optimization,while less on adsorption structure improvement.To optimize the oil-water separation technology of the adsorption method,a feasible optimization scheme for the adsorption method from the structural level was proposed by leveraging bionics,which provides ideas for reference in this field.[Methods]In this paper,the traditional adsorption structure consisting of a single oil adsorption material was optimized,and a novel adsorption structure was proposed based on bionic engineering.Firstly,the sparse and porous characteristics of the stems of aquatic plants were analyzed,and a similar porous material,copper foam,was chosen as the main material of the adsorption structure.Then,the theoretical reason for the higher oil-water separation capacity of the internal vascular structure of oil-bearing crops was analyzed.The structure of parallel rows of oil and water channels produced the Marangoni effect,which created a tensile force between oil and water.Based on this,a laminar structure was designed,and a novel oil-water separation structure formed by interlocking of oleophilic hydrophobic and hydrophilic oleophobic materials was proposed.The hydrophilic oleophobic material was prepared by immersing copper foam into a mixture of potassium persulfate and

关 键 词：溢油清理 吸附结构 仿生工程 油水分离 泡沫铜 吸附能力 维管束 油料植物 

分 类 号：TS0[轻工技术与工程]