充粉结构火花塞的发展与研究  

Development and Research of Powder Filled Spark Plug

作　　者：孔祥鑫 杜德魁 杨辉睦 KONG Xiangxin;DU Dekui;YANG Huimu(Weichai Torch Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]潍柴火炬科技股份有限公司,湖南株洲412001

出　　处：《汽车零部件》2025年第1期91-95,共5页Automobile Parts

摘　　要：随着发动机废气再循环(EGR)、可变气门正时(VVT)、涡轮增压和缸内直喷(TGDI)等新技术的不断出现,发动机对点火系统的要求也越来越严苛。其中,火花塞作为点火系统的重要零部件,也在不断地面临着新的技术挑战。此外,由于发动机设计趋于小型化、更高的压缩比和更大的气阀孔径,因此发动机内留给火花塞的空间也日益变小,亟须开发出更细、更长的火花塞。小型化、大功率的涡轮增压和缸内直喷技术会引起发动机的低速早燃和超级爆震,使得火花塞承受超高压力的冲击波和超高的点火电压。小排量三缸发动机、双喷射、缸内直喷(GDI)、冷启动标定不到位,使得发动机在低温低速冷启动时火花塞出现淹缸、积碳、瓷件断裂等严重问题。详细对比分析传统热铆结构火花塞与充粉结构火花塞,可知后者在适应发动机新技术的不断发展方面更具有优势。相关综述与研究对未来火花塞的开发具有参考价值。With the development of engine new technologies such as exhaust gas recirculation(EGR),variable valve timing(VVT),and turbocharging direct injection(TGDI),the requirements for ignition system are becoming more and more strict.Among them,spark plug as an important part of ignition system,is also facing new technical challenges.In addition,with the miniaturization of engine,higher compression ratio and larger valve aperture design,the space left for spark plug is becoming smaller and smaller.It is urgent to develop longer and thinner spark plug.Low-speed premature combustion and super detonation in engine caused by miniaturized and high-power TGDI technology make spark plug withstand super high thermal shock and ignition voltage.The small displacement three-cylinder engine,double injection,in-cylinder gasoline direct injection and cold start not in place,which seriously makes the spark plug drowned,carbon deposition and insulator nose break at low temperature and low speed.A detailed comparison and analysis of traditional hot press spark plug and powder-filled spark plug shows that the powder-filled spark plug has more advantages in adapting to the continuous development of new engine technologies.The relevant review and research have reference value for the future development of spark plug.

关 键 词：发动机 涡轮增压 缸内直喷 火花塞 充粉 冷铆 热铆 

分 类 号：U470.30[机械工程—车辆工程]