高水平科技自立自强成果的产出逻辑与政策优化——基于国内外科技奖励制度的比较研究  

The Generative Logic and Policy Optimization of High-Level Achievements in Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance and Self-Improvement:A Comparative Study Based on Domestic and International Science and Technology Award Systems

作　　者：张楠楠 汤雅妃 肖瑜 王坚成 Zhang Nannan;Tang Yafei;Xiao Yu;Wang Jiancheng(Department of Scientific Research,Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学部科学研究处,北京100191

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2025年第3期21-32,共12页Science and Technology Management Research

摘　　要：总结高水平科技自立自强成果的产出逻辑,建立更加完善的科技奖励制度对于高质量科研成果产出至关重要。在对国内外政府类科技奖项以及社会力量设置的科技奖励制度与特征进行对比研究的基础上,对2000—2020年中国重要科技成果奖项数据进行分析,认为中国的科技奖励政策在探索中逐渐优化,其中奖项设置方面不断完善。从奖项分布与学科特征角度分析高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖(科学技术)获奖情况得出,高校在自然科学等方面的成果占有更大比重;同时,指出当前中国科技奖励体系在科技奖励架构、获奖成果的争议解决机制、成果的投入产出效率等方面需要进一步完善,且存在科学界社会分层与科技奖励体系分层的交互现象。针对此,提出符合中国实际的科技奖励政策优化策略,包括推进科研项目与成果数据的一体化建设,形成从科研项目到成果产出的动态管理;进一步改进科技成果评价机制,让科技奖项回归荣誉性,以及提升中国科技奖项的国际影响力等。Summarizing the generative logic of high-level achievements in scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement,and establishing a more robust science and technology award system are crucial for producing high-quality research outcomes.Through a comparative analysis of government-led and society-driven science and technology award systems across countries,as well as an investigation of data on major scientific and technological achievement awards in China from 2000 to 2020,this study concludes that China's science and technology reward policies have been gradually optimized through exploration,particularly in terms of the continuous refinement of award categories.By analyzing the distribution and disciplinary characteristics of award-winning projects under the Higher Education Outstanding Scientific Research Output Award(Science and Technology),it is found that universities account for a larger proportion of achievements in natural science.However,the study also identifies areas requiring improvement in China's current science and technology award system,including its structural framework,dispute resolution mechanisms for awarded achievements,and the input-output efficiency of outcomes.Additionally,an interactive phenomenon between social stratification within the scientific community and the hierarchical structure of the award system is observed.To address these issues,it proposes policy optimization strategies tailored to China's context,such as advancing the integrated development of research projects and achievement data to enable dynamic management from project initiation to output delivery;refining evaluation mechanisms for scientific and technological achievements to restore the honorary essence of awards;and enhancing the international influence of China's science and technology awards.

关 键 词：科技奖励 科研成果 制度改革 高校 科技自立自强 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学] G250.25G301