基于流域系统水文水环境耦合模型的氮循环研究进展  

Research progress of coupled hydrological and water environment models in nitrogen cycle of watershed system

作　　者：弓耀奇 岳甫均 刘鑫[1] 郭田丽 王浩阳 李思亮 GONG Yaoqi;YUE Fujun;LIU Xin;GUO Tianli;WANG Haoyang;LI Siliang(Research Center for Watershed Biogeochemical Cycles,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学地球系统科学学院流域生物地球化学循环研究中心,天津300072 [2]天津环渤海滨海地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站,天津300072 [3]天津市环渤海地球关键带科学与可持续发展重点实验室,天津300072 [4]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《地学前缘》2025年第3期183-195,共13页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42293262,42073076)。

摘　　要：在气候变化和强人类活动等多重因素的耦合影响下,活性氮输入过量,加剧了陆地生态系统氮素向水生生态系统的流失,影响了流域水环境质量。识别流域内氮素来源及其转化过程的时空变化特征,已成为防控流失及改善环境质量的首要任务。由于氮的来源多样、生物地球化学过程复杂,且受到诸多因素的耦合影响,限制了对流域系统氮循环的科学认知。在众多的研究方法中,模型模拟因具有灵活性高、系统性强、可多场景模拟分析等诸多优点,已成为揭示流域系统氮迁移转化及动态变化过程的重要手段。本文综述了流域水文模型及流域土壤、地表水与地下水氮素迁移模型的特征,对比了模型的原理、特点与研究范例。结果表明,在影响氮循环的诸多因素中,无序的强人为干扰、极端气候变化已成为扰动流域氮循环的重要因素。水文过程驱动下的水-氮耦合多过程、多机制研究尤为重要,基于此构建的水文生物地球化学模型(如CNMM-DNDC、PIHM等),已成为获取流域系统氮素时空分布规律及其预测分析的重要手段。此外,大数据与过程机理模型相结合已成为揭示氮循环过程中复杂问题的重要途径。通过综合诸多模型对空间格局、人为影响强度的适用性,梳理出针对受强人类干扰的滨海平原河网区氮循环适用模型,以加深对海陆交错带滨海流域地表水、地下水及海水相互作用下的氮循环科学认知,更全面、科学地评估滨海平原河网系统水环境质量与环境效应。With the coupled influence of multiple factors,such as climate change and human activity,the excessive input of reactive nitrogen has exacerbated the loss of nitrogen from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems,which has seriously affected the quality of water in the basin.Identifying the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of nitrogen sources and their transformation processes within the watershed system has become a primary objective for preventing and controlling the loss of pollutants and improving regional ecological quality.Understanding the nitrogen cycle in the watershed system faces challenges owing to the diversity of nitrogen sources,complexity of biogeochemical processes,and coupled influence of many factors in the watershed.Among the research approaches,model simulation has become an important tool to reveal the nitrogen transport,transformation and dynamic change processes at the watershed scale owing to its high flexibility,high systematicity,and the ability to simulate and analyze multiple scenarios.This review summarized the characteristics of watershed hydrological models and nitrogen transport models for soil,surface water,and groundwater in watershed,as well as research examples of various models.The models were compared based on their principles,characteristics.Among the many factors affecting the nitrogen cycle,it is analyzed that uncontrolled anthropogenic disturbances and extreme climate change have become important factors disturbing the nitrogen cycle in watersheds.Hydrological process-driven processes and mechanistic studies of water and nitrogen are particularly important.Hydrological biogeochemical models(e.g.,CNMM-DNDC,PIHM)constructed based on these models have become an important for obtaining high-precision spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nitrogen in the watershed system and its prediction and analysis.In addition,the combination of big datasets and processes modeling has become an important way to reveal the complexity of the nitrogen cycle process.By syn

关 键 词：氮循环 流域 模型 滨海流域 过程模型 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]