微生物降黏法的效果评价  

Effect Evaluation of Microbial Viscosity Reduction Method

作　　者：李键 黄哲[1] 王晓辉[1] 刘小[1] 李晓琴[1] LI Jian;HUANG Zhe;WANG Xiaohui;LIU Xiao;LI Xiaoqin(Yanchang Oilfield Co.,Ltd.,Yan'an Shaanxi 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延长油田股份有限公司,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《辽宁化工》2025年第3期365-367,371,共4页Liaoning Chemical Industry

摘　　要：石油黏稠度是影响采收率的关键因素之一。微生物法降低石油黏度包括两方面:一方面是微生物自身功能,部分微生物以石油为唯一碳源进行生长繁殖,在这个过程中它可以直接降解石油中的某些组分,改变物性,达到降低黏度的目的;另一方面是微生物在繁殖过程中发生的代谢活动带来的作用,整个过程中产生酸性物质(有机脂肪酸等)、醇类、脂类、生物表面活性剂以及甲烷、二氧化碳、氢气、氮气等气体,这些物质可以起到溶解乳化石油的作用,增强岩石润湿性降低黏度[1]。从石油全烃组分经微生物作用后直链饱和烃、非直链饱和烃、环烷烃含量变化,研究微生物降低石油黏度的效果并进行评价。The viscosity of oil is one of the key factors affecting oil recovery.The reduction of oil viscosity by microbial method includs two aspects.On the one hand,it is the function of microbe itself,some microbes take petroleum as the sole carbon source to grow and multiply,in this process,it can degrade some components of petroleum directly,change physical properties and reduce viscosity.On the other hand,the role of microbial metabolism in the process of reproduction,the process produces acids(organic fatty acids),alcohols,lipids,surfactant and gases such as methane,carbon dioxide,hydrogen and nitrogen,these substances can play a role in dissolving emulsified petroleum,enhancing rock wettability and reducing viscosity[1].In this paper,effect of reducing oil viscosity by microorganism was studied and evaluated according to the change of content of straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon,non-straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon and cycloalkane.

关 键 词：黏度 微生物 石油 表面活性剂 降解 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]