计及楼宇供热特性的空气源热泵负荷双层优化调度控制策略  

Two-layer Optimal Scheduling Control Strategy for Air Source Heat Pump Loads Regarding Building Heating Characteristics

作　　者：谢鑫 高嵩 刘萌 梁海平[1] 李世航 XIE Xin;GAO Song;LIU Meng;LIANG Haiping;LI Shihang(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China;Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company,Jinan 250003,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院,河北保定071003 [2]国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院,山东济南250003

出　　处：《华北电力大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期134-142,共9页Journal of North China Electric Power University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国网山东省电力公司科技项目(520626220020).

摘　　要：空气源热泵是一种温控负荷,对其合理的调度控制有助于降低运行成本,同时促进用户参与电网需求响应。首先,提出一种空气源热泵负荷的精细化电-热耦合模型,考虑了出水温度、环境温度以及冷岛效应对能效比的影响。之后,提出一种空气源热泵负荷双层优化调度与控制策略:上层模型采用模型预测控制方法,在保证用户舒适度的前提下,利用楼宇蓄能特性、结合分时电价最小化用户供热成本;下层模型安排热泵机组群周期性启停响应上层功率需求,并通过相邻机组间隔编号来减轻冷岛效应对热泵性能的影响。最后,通过仿真对比热泵负荷在不同控制策略下运行成本和控制效果,验证所提控制策略实现了运行成本的优化,同时改善了用电负荷曲线,有助于电网削峰填谷。Air source heat pump is a type of temperature control load,and reasonable scheduling and control can help reduce operating costs and promote user participation in grid demand response.Firstly,we propose a refined electro-thermal coupling model for air source heat pump loads,taking into account the effects of outlet water temperature,ambient temperature,and cold island effect on energy efficiency ratio.Secondly,we propose a two-layer optimization scheduling and control strategy for air source heat pump loads:the upper-layer model adopts a model predictive control method,which uses the building’s energy storage characteristics in conjunction with time-of-use pricing to minimize user heating costs while ensuring user comfort.The lower-layer model arranges the periodic start-stop response of the heat pump unit group to the upper-layer power demand,and reduces the impact of the cold island effect on the heat pump performance by using unit array interval numbering.Finally,through simulation comparisons of the operating costs and control effects of heat pump loads under different control strategies,it is verified that the proposed control strategy not only optimizes operating costs but also improves the power load curve,contributing to the flattening of grid demand peaks and valleys.

关 键 词：空气源热泵 双层优化 能效比 模型预测控制 冷岛效应 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]