清至民国贵州方志所记民族语言文字述略  

Overview of National Languages and Characters in Guizhou Local Chronicles from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

作　　者：窦属东[1] DOU Shudong(Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《广西科技师范学院学报》2024年第6期32-40,共9页Journal of Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“贵州契约文书中的方言资料整理与研究”(22BYY123)。

摘　　要：清至民国贵州方志记有民族语言文字计28种。根据这些方志所载,民族语言在黔中、黔西、黔西南、黔南、黔东南均有分布,主要有“苗语”“仲语”“罗罗语”“水语”“侗语”“壮语”“僰语”“仡佬语”等,各地区的语言差异较大。清至民国贵州方志记有民族文字的计8种,其中水书主要分布于黔南水族聚居区,其特点是保留象形意味、有少量异体、部分为汉字反书;罗罗字分布于普安、黔西、水城、盘县等地,其形音义与苗文、水书的形音义均不相同,只有个别数目字与汉字形近,其语音与黔西罗罗语对应度最高。贵州方志中的语料、字料对于民族语言文字的共时分布、历时演变、语音历史、语言接触、语言关系及其个体特点等,均具有非常重要的语言资源研究价值。There were 28 local chronicles in which Guizhou national languages and characters were recorded from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,ethnic languages were mainly distributed in central,western,southwestern,southern and southeastern Guizhou,they were Miao,Yi,Luoluo,Shui,Dong,Zhuang,Bo,and Gelao,and the regional differences was great.There were 8 local chronicles in which Guizhou national characters were recorded,Shui characters were mainly distributed in southern Guizhou,which was characterized by pictographs,had variant characters and inverse Chinese character.The Luoluo characters were mainly distributed in Puan,Qianxi,Shuicheng and Panxian,whose shape,sound and meaning were different from those of Miao,Yi and Shui,only some figures are similar to Chinese characters,whose pronunciation was very similar to Luoluo language of Qianxi.National languages and characters in Guizhou local chronicles has very important language resource value in the fields of synchronic distribution,diachronic evolution,phonological history,language contact,language relations and individual characteristics.

关 键 词：贵州方志 民族语言 民族文字 语言资源 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]