从外引到内化:改革开放前株洲国营企业技术创新研究  

From Importation to Internalization:Research on Technological Innovation of State-owned Enterprises in Zhuzhou before the Reform and Opening-up

作　　者：刘琦 易棉阳 Liu Qi;Yi Mianyang

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学经济与贸易学院 [2]湖南工商大学经济与贸易学院

出　　处：《中国经济史评论》2024年第1期176-196,共21页China Economic History Review

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ50071);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(21A0359)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：“一五”以前,株洲工业仍处于工场手工业水平。株洲国营企业技术能力由零起步,经历技术外引到内化的技术创新路径,逐步形成企业自主技术创新能力。外引技术包括生产设计、设备、技术工艺等,主要有从苏联引进硬质合金、航空动力、电力机车、电力等技术;从波兰引进选煤、车辆生产等技术;从日本引进纺织技术。技术内化途径有优化生产工艺、革新和研制生产设备及工具、吸取创新失败经验教训。株洲国营企业技术创新推动了株洲及国家制造技术的进步与发展,改革开放前实行的举国体制为企业技术创新起步提供了相适应的发展环境,创新实践经验为深入推进新时代制造强国战略提供了宝贵的历史经验。Before the‘First Five-Year Plan’,the industrial technology level in Zhuzhou was at the level of manual labor in workshops.Zhuzhou's stateowned enterprises gradually developed their own capacity for independent technological innovation,started from a zero base in technology capability and formed through technology importation to internalization.Technology import includes production design,equipment,and technological processes,mainly including technology for hard alloy,aviation power,electric locomotives,electricity,etc.from the Soviet Union,coal preparation and vehicle production technology from Poland,and textile technology from Japan.Technology internalization includes optimizing production processes,innovating and developing production equipment and tools,and learning from unsuccessful innovation experiences.Zhuzhou's state-owned enterprise's technological innovation has driven the progress of manufacturing technology and national industrial technological development.The implemented nationwide system before the reform and opening up has provided a suitable development environment for enterprises to start their technological innovation,and the practical experience in innovation has provided valuable historical reference for further promoting the strategy of manufacturing power in the new era.

关 键 词：技术外引 技术内化 株洲国营企业 技术创新 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理] F273.1[经济管理—国民经济]