菌群微生物的多组学技术在儿童龋病研究中的应用  

Application of multi-omics technologies for microbiota research in childhood caries

作　　者：侯明 李昕伟 孙书恺 吴礼安 HOU Ming;LI Xinwei;SUN Shukai;WU Lian(State Key Laboratory of Oral&Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,Department of Pediatric Dentistry,School of Stomatology,The Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]口颌系统重建与再生全国重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,陕西省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,空军军医大学口腔医院儿童口腔科,西安710032

出　　处：《实用口腔医学杂志》2025年第2期283-288,共6页Journal of Practical Stomatology

基　　金：国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心专项课题(编号:LCC202204)。

摘　　要：龋病是儿童最常见的口腔疾病,不仅妨碍患儿咀嚼、发音等功能,还会影响口颌面部发育和全身健康。近年来,随着研究的深入,口腔菌斑微生态失衡导致牙体硬组织脱矿的“生态菌斑学说”已成为目前公认的龋病病因学说。然而,由于儿童菌斑微生物的组成及功能会随乳牙萌出与替换、饮食习惯改变和社交活动的增加具有高度可变性,使得传统的分离培养方式难以适用于其复杂微生态系统的研究。近期,多组学技术的进步为研究复杂微生态带来了契机。高通量测序技术如16S rRNA基因测序和宏基因组学不仅能探究微生物群落的结构组成,还能解析基因组功能及其与龋病的关系;质谱平台技术如代谢组学和蛋白组学通过分析差异代谢产物和通路可揭示龋病发生的分子机制。文章从多组学技术的应用出发,对口腔微生物群落的结构、功能和代谢状态与儿童龋病的关系进行归纳和总结,探究口腔微生物作为龋病诊断和治疗靶点的应用前景,以期将来为儿童龋病的临床防治提供新的方案和策略。Dental caries is the most common oral disease in children,not only impairing chewing,speech,and other functions while also impacting maxillofacial development and overall health.Recent researches have established the"ecological plaque theory",which posits that an imbalance in the oral plaque microecology leads to the demineralization of teeth hard tissues,as the widely accepted etiology of dental caries.However,the significant variability in the composition and function of children's plaque microorganisms,influenced by primary tooth eruption and replacement,changes in diet,and increase in social interactions,makes traditional culture methods inadequate for studying this complex micro-ecosystem.Advances in multi-omics technologies have recently created new opportunities for studiing complex microecology.High-throughput sequencing technologies,such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics,allow for the exploration of microbial diversity and the analysis of genomic functions and their associations with dental caries.Mass spectrometry-based technologies,including metabolomics and proteomics,might elucidate the molecular mechanisms of dental caries by analyzing differential metabolites and pathways.This review focuses on the application of multi-omics technologies to explore the relationships between the structure,function,and metabolic state of oral microbial communities and pediatric dental caries.It further discusses the future of oral microorganisms as diagnosis and therapeutic targets for caries,and is expected to provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of pediatric dental caries.

关 键 词：儿童龋病 多组学技术 口腔菌斑微生态 龋病预防 

分 类 号：R788.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]