隔板对油茶籽液压制油效率的影响  

Effect of different partition plates on the efficiency of oil extraction from Camellia seeds under hydraulic pressing

作　　者：刘海 郭少海 杨远春 阳雨容 李慧 LIU Hai;GUO Shaohai;YANG Yuanchun;YANG Yurong;LI Hui(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005,China;Forestry Bureau of Yuping Dong Nationality Autonomous County,Tongren,Guizhou 554099,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]玉屏侗族自治县林业局,贵州铜仁554099

出　　处：《食品与机械》2025年第2期101-107,共7页Food and Machinery

基　　金：中央林业草原改革发展资金项目(编号:贵[2024]TG25号);贵州省林业科研项目(编号:黔林科合[2022]15号,黔林科合[2022]09号);中央财政林业改革发展资金项目(编号:贵[2022]TG01号)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究隔板对贵州不同含油率的油茶籽榨油效率的影响,评价液压压榨工艺对贵州油茶籽榨油的适用性。[方法]检测贵州不同产地的油茶籽含油率,筛选具有不同含油率的玉屏普通油茶籽、贵阳普通油茶籽和威宁短柱油茶籽作为原料,采用无孔板、孔板和孔刻板作为隔板进行液压榨油试验,分析出油率、残油率及油脂榨取率,并以螺旋压榨作为对照,采用孔刻板作为隔板对威宁短柱油茶籽进行液压榨油试验,分析出油率、残油率、油脂榨取率、成品油得率。[结果]与无孔板相比,采用孔刻板和孔板作为隔板的压榨出油率和油脂榨取率均有所提升,油饼残油降低。其中,孔刻板在威宁短柱油茶籽压榨过程中表现出了较好的压榨效率,与无孔板相比出油率提高2.33个百分点,残油率降低4.39个百分点,油脂榨取率提高4.55个百分点,高达92.48%,成品油得率较螺旋压榨提高3.4个百分点。[结论]采用孔刻隔板可增加油茶籽原料压榨油脂的流出速率,从而提高液压榨油的生产效率,对贵州威宁短柱油茶籽较为适用。[Objective]To study the effect of different partition plates on the efficiency of oil extraction from Camellia seeds with different oil content in Guizhou and to evaluate the applicability of hydraulic pressing technology to oil extraction from Camellia seeds in Guizhou.[Methods]Oil content in Camellia seeds from different production areas in Guizhou is detected,and Camellia oleifera seeds from Yuping and Guiyang and Camellia weiningensis seeds from Weining with different oil content are selected as raw materials.Tests of oil extraction by hydraulic pressing are conducted with a non-perforated plate,a perforated plate,and a perforated and carved plate as partition plates to analyze the oil yield,residual oil rate,and oil extraction rate.Screw pressing is used as a control,and a perforated and carved plate is used as the partition plate to conduct the test of oil extraction by hydraulic pressing on Camellia weiningensis seeds.The oil yield,residual oil rate,oil extraction rate,and finished oil production yield are analyzed.[Results]Compared with the non-perforated plate,the perforated plate and the perforated and carved plate improve the oil yield and oil extraction rate and reduce the residual oil rate of the seed cake.In particular,the perforated and carved plate shows a good efficiency of oil extraction from Camellia weiningensis seeds.Specifically,compared with the non-perforated plate,the perforated and carved plate enhances the oil yield by 2.33 percentage points,reduces the residual oil rate by 4.39 percentage points,and increases the oil extraction rate by 4.55 percentage points,up to 92.48%.Additionally,the finished oil production yield of perforated and carved plate pressing increases by 3.4 percentage points,compared to that of screw pressing.[Conclusion]The use of a perforated and carved plate can increase the outflow rate of oil and improve the production efficiency of hydraulic pressing.It is more suitable for Camellia weiningensis seeds from Weining,Guizhou.

关 键 词：油茶籽油 液压压榨 隔板 威宁短柱油茶 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]