不同播期下黑米籽粒花色苷的积累特性及其与气象因子的关系  

Accumulation Characteristics of Anthocyanins in Black Rice Under Different Sowing Dates and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors

作　　者：肖长春 韦新宇 曾跃辉 黄建鸿 许旭明 XIAO ChangChun;WEI XinYu;ZENG YueHui;HUANG JianHong;XU XuMing(Biotechnology Research Institute,Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanming 365500,Fujian;Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area,Sanming 365500,Fujian;Rice Research Institute,Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanming 365500,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]三明市农业科学研究院生物技术研究所,福建三明365500 [2]福建省(山区)作物遗传改良与创新利用重点实验室,福建三明365500 [3]三明市农业科学研究院水稻研究所,福建三明365500

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第5期890-906,共17页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：福建省科技计划(2021N0044)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同播期下黑米籽粒花色苷积累的动态过程及其与气象因子的关系,为高花色苷黑米水稻品种的选育与调整播期优化适合黑米水稻生长的气象条件来提高籽粒花色苷含量提供借鉴。【方法】2022—2023年采用籽粒花色苷含量具有显著差异的3个黑米品种(黑糯、丽人紫和岩紫糯35)为材料,各设置5个播期(B1—B5)处理,花后每5 d取样测定籽粒花色苷含量,基于Logistic方程对各播期黑米的籽粒花色苷积累特性进行分析,并通过通径分析、回归分析,探讨花色苷积累特性对气象因子的响应机制。【结果】播期使黑米水稻灌浆期内遭遇的气象因子发生改变,通过缩短播始期使黑米水稻全生育期缩短;黑米籽粒花色苷含量大小首先决定于基因型,其积累特征参数(Wa、MRa、Me Ra、T_(MRa)、W_(MRa)、Da)受播期效应影响最为显著,随播期推后呈先减小后增大的趋势,迟播比早播更利于籽粒花色苷的积累;籽粒花色苷呈“慢-快-慢”积累过程,花后9.79—15.35 d达到峰值,受年型、播期和品种间调控;通径分析结果表明,Wa主要由Me Ra和Da决定,以Me Ra对Wa的贡献最大;籽粒花色苷积累特征参数与灌浆期内光温气象因子呈极显著负相关,气温变化对籽粒花色苷积累的影响大,随T_(amax)、D_(heat)和S_(avg)增加,籽粒花色苷Da缩短,Me Ra减小,Wa降低,灌浆期内平均气温25.0—27.4℃适宜籽粒花色苷积累。【结论】播期对黑米水稻籽粒花色苷积累的影响反映的是气象因子的综合效应,气温是影响籽粒花色苷积累的主要气象因子,其通过影响籽粒花色苷积累速率高低和积累持续时间的长短影响籽粒花色苷积累的高低。应根据种植制度选择花色苷含量高的黑米品种,在6月下旬至7月上旬适时播种可优化适配灌浆期内的气象要素,进而提高籽粒花色苷含量。【Objective】The dynamic process of anthocyanin accumulation in black rice grains under different sowing dates and its relationship with meteorological factors were studied to provide reference for the breeding of high anthocyanin black rice varieties and adjusting sowing dates to optimize favorable meteorological conditions for black rice growth,thereby enhancing anthocyanin content in grains.【Method】Three black rice varieties(Heinuo,Lirenzi and Yanziuo 35)with significant difference in anthocyanin content in grains were selected as materials,and 5 sowing dates(B1-B5)were set for each from 2022 to 2023.Samples were taken every 5 days after flowering to determine anthocyanin content in grains.The anthocyanin accumulation characteristics of black rice in grains at each sowing date were analyzed based on Logistic equation.The response mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation characteristics to meteorological factors was discussed by path analysis and regression analysis.【Result】The sowing date changed the meteorological factors during the grain filling period of black rice,and shortened overall growth period of black rice by shortening the initial heading date.The genotype was found to be the primary determinant of anthocyanin content in black rice grains,and its accumulation characteristics(Wa,MRa,MeRa,T_(MRa),W_(MRa),Da)were most significantly influenced by variations in sowing dates.There is an observed trend of decreasing followed by increasing anthocyanin accumulation with delayed sowing dates.Latesowing is more conducive to the accumulation of anthocyanins in grains than early sowing.The process of anthocyanin accumulation in grains exhibited a“slow-fast-slow”pattern with peak values reached 9.79-15.35 days after flowering;this process was regulated by year type,sowing date and intervariety factors.Path analysis results indicated that Wa is mainly determined by MeRa and Da,with MeRa contributing the most to Wa.Furthermore,characteristic parameters of anthocyanin accumulation in grains showed signif

关 键 词：黑米 生育期 花色苷积累 播期 气象因子 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]