长非编码RNA在相分离调控中的作用  

Role of LncRNAs in Liquid-liquid Phase Separation

作　　者：杨新玲[1] 张栋栋[2] 常晓彤[1] YANG Xin-Ling;ZHANG Dong-Dong;CHANG Xiao-Tong(College of Lab Medicine,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China;Key Laboratory of RNA Biology,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院医学检验学院,河北张家口075000 [2]中国科学院生物物理研究所核酸生物学重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2025年第3期384-392,共9页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目(No.JYT2020012);河北北方学院博士启动基金(No.12995585)资助。

摘　　要：相分离是细胞内生物分子由单一均相混合物形成2种不相溶的液滴凝聚体过程,是细胞内分子凝聚体和无膜细胞器形成的主要驱动力。相分离不仅在多种生理活动中发挥重要的动态调控作用,而且调控神经退行性疾病和癌症等多种疾病的发生发展。已有研究发现,长非编码RNA(lncRNA)与相分离密切相关,这为理解lncRNA的作用机制打开了新的视角,成为近年来非编码RNA领域的研究热点。本文重点介绍了LncRNA SLERT作为分子伴侣与DDX21蛋白相互作用,影响核仁纤维中心区/高密度纤维区(FC/DFCs)的相分离;LINC00657(NORAD)与PUM蛋白形成NP小体,驱动PUM蛋白的相分离而抑制其活性,促进基因组的稳定性;dilncRNA调控DNA损伤应答小RNAs(DDRNA)、p53结合蛋白1(53BP1)的相分离,lncRNA LINP1相分离液滴与Ku蛋白结合促进DNA损伤修复;LncRNA SNHG9、MELTF-AS1、MALR分别驱动LATS1、YBX1、ILF3蛋白质的相分离发挥促癌lncRNAs作用,GIRGL、LncFASA分别调控CAPRIN1、PRDX1的相分离在癌症发展中发挥抑癌基因作用;lncRNA XIST通过相分离驱动X染色体失活的研究。总之,本文综述了lncRNAs通过调节相分离在细胞核无膜细胞器的形成、基因组稳定性与DNA损伤修复、肿瘤发生发展和X染色体失活等病理生理过程中的最新研究进展。本文表明长非编码RNA可通过调节相分离,参与多种病理生理过程,有望为相分离介导的疾病的治疗提供新的方向。Liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)is the process where intracellular biomolecules rapidly form reversible high concentrations of liquid-phase condensates,resulting in the compartmentalization and the formation of intracellular membraneless organelles.LLPS is involved in various biological processes and pathologic processes,such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been revealed to be closely related to phase separation.It has become a research hotspot in life science recently,because it provides new insight into the mechanism of lncRNAs.In this review,we focuses on the effect of lncRNA SLERT on the phase separation of nucleolar fibrillar center/dense fibrillar component(FC/DFC)by interacting with DDX21 protein as a molecular chaperone;LINC00657(NORAD)forms NP bodies with PUM proteins,which drives PUM protein liquid droplets and inhibits its activity,and promotes genomic stability;DilncRNA regulates DNA damage response small RNAs(DDRNAs)and LLPS of p53 binding protein 1(53BP1)in response to DNA damage,and lncRNA LINP1 phase separation droplets bind to Ku protein to promote DNA damage repair;LncRNA SNHG9,MELTF-AS1 and MALR drive LATS1,YBX1 and ILF3 protein LLPS respectively to promote cancer,while GIRGL and lncFASA act as tumor suppressor genes in cancer development through regulating the phase separation of CAPRIN1 and PRDX1 respectively;LncRNA XIST drives X chromosome inactivation by LLPS.In a word,we summarize the latest research progress about the functional roles of lncRNAs in FC/DFC nucleolus,genomic stability and DNA damage and repair,cancer and X-chromosome inactivation through regulating LLPS.This paper shows that lncRNAs can participate in multiple pathophysiological processes by regulating LLPS,which is expected to provide a new direction for the treatment of LLPS-mediated diseases.

关 键 词：相分离 长非编码RNA 无膜细胞器 DNA损伤修复 癌症 X染色体失活 

分 类 号：Q52[生物学—生物化学]