短期高营养饮食对日本鹌鹑代谢产热及消化道功能的影响  

Effects of Short-Term High-Nutrient Foods on Thermogenesis and Digestive Tract Function of Japanese Quails

作　　者：姚雅棋 夏绮 黄婷 李晨星 闻靖[1] 李铭 YAO Ya-Qi;XIA Qi;HUANG Ting;LI Chen-Xing;WEN Jing;LI Ming(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,温州325035

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2025年第1期32-44,共13页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.32171497)。

摘　　要：食物的质量对鸟类的代谢产热和消化道功能有重要影响。本研究通过改变食物中脂肪和蛋白质含量的质量百分比来调整食物营养程度,探究食物质量对日本鹌鹑(Coturnixjaponica)产热和消化道功能的影响。将实验动物分为低营养组和高营养组,用实验饲料(低营养饲料:蛋白质34%,脂肪8%;高营养饲料:蛋白质51%,脂肪15%)饲喂14 d后,测定其体重、基础代谢率(BMR)和体脂率,以及肝、心、肾和肌肉的重量及其线粒体状态4呼吸(S4R)和细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)活性,小肠重量及其消化酶(纤维素酶、氨基肽酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活性。结果显示,与低营养组相比,食物质量改变14 d以后高营养组动物的体重显著增加、基础代谢率(BMR)有升高趋势、体脂率显著增加;肝、心、肾和肌肉的重量和其线粒体状态4呼吸(S4R)无显著变化,肾细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)活性显著升高,但是未发现肝、肌肉和心细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)活性的显著差异;消化道重量和小肠重量均显著降低,单位质量小肠的氨基肽酶和脂肪酶活性显著升高、淀粉酶活性显著降低,整体小肠的纤维素酶、氨基肽酶和淀粉酶活性显著下降。结果表明,当食物质量改变时,鸟类可以通过调整自身代谢产热和消化道功能的方式发生可塑性适应反应,这些调整贯穿整体、器官、细胞和消化酶活性等多个水平。[Objectives]Food quality is one of the most important factors affecting the thermogenesis and digestion of birds.However,the plasticity of the birds'response to food quality is still unclear.This study aims to understand how birds adapt their thermogenesis and digestion in response to changes in food resources.[Methods]We modified the nutrient content of the food by adjusting the percentage of fat and protein(Table 1),20 male Japanese Quails Coturnix japonica were randomly divided into 2 groups:high nutrition group(HNG,n=10)and low nutrition group(LNG,n=10).In this study,we measured body weight,basal metabolic rate(BMR),body fat content,tissue weight(liver,heart,kidney,muscle,and small intestine),mitochondrial state 4 respiration(S4R),cytochrome C oxidase(COX)activity,and the activities of digestive enzymes(cellulase,aminopeptidase,amylase,and lipase)in the small intestine of Japanese Quails.We conducted covariance analysis using body weight as a covariable to analyze BMR and tissue weight.Additionally,we used t-test to compare body fat content,S4R and COX activity of tissues,and the activity of small intestinal digestive enzymes in Japanese Quail fed different diets.[Results]The results showed that the high nutrition diet significantly increased the body weight and body fat content of Japanese Quails(Fig.1c),but no increase was found in mitochondrial S4R and COX activity in liver,muscle,and heart(Table 2).Compared with the low nutrition group,the weight of the digestive tract(Fig.2),and the activities of aminopeptidase and lipase per unit mass of small intestine were significantly increased in the high nutrition group(Figs.3b,d).However,the activities of amylase were significantly decreased in the high nutrition group(Fig.3c),while the activities of cellulase,aminopeptidase and amylase in the whole small intestine were significantly decreased(Figs.3a﹣c).[Conclusion]In conclusion,in order to adapt to changes in food resources and quality,Japanese Quails can develop plastic adaptations by regulating metabolic th

关 键 词：日本鹌鹑 食物营养 代谢产热 消化酶 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]