涂片镜检与细菌培养检查在微生物检验中的应用效果  

Application effect of smear microscopy and bacterial culture in microbiological test

作　　者：马芳 Ma Fang(Department of Laboratory,Yongji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Yongji 044500,China)

机构地区：[1]永济市中医医院检验科,永济044500

出　　处：《中国实用医刊》2025年第2期75-78,共4页Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨微生物检验中涂片镜检与细菌培养检查的应用效果。方法回顾性抽取2022年1月至2024年1月山西省运城市永济市中医医院检验科收检的微生物检验标本研究,包括尿液、痰液、胸腹水、脓液等标本类型,样本量为88例。所有标本先实施涂片镜检,之后实施细菌培养。以精密度验证法作为金标准,评价单一涂片镜检、细菌培养检查及二者联合检验效果及检验效能,同时分析不同标本类型检出结果。结果88例微生物检验样本经精密度验证法检出致病菌阳性70例,未检出致病菌阴性18例;单一涂片镜检检出阳性58例,阴性30例;细菌培养检查检出阳性62例,阴性26例;二者联合检验检出阳性68例,阴性20例。计算检验效能可知,二者联合检验准确度、灵敏度高于单一涂片镜检、细菌培养检查(P<0.05);在尿液、痰液、胸腹水、脓液等标本中检出致病菌类型(革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、真菌)上,二者联合检验高于单一涂片镜检、细菌培养检查,但差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论微生物检验中实施涂片镜检、细菌培养检查均有一定价值,但二者联合可进一步提高检验价值,在临床微生物检验中可先实施涂片镜检,之后联合细菌培养检查,可更好地检出致病菌。Objective To investigate the application effect of smear microscopy and bacterial culture in microbiological test.Methods Microbiological test specimens were retrospectively collected from the Clinical Laboratory of Yongji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024,including urine,sputum,pleural effusion,ascites,pus and other sample types,with a sample size of 88.All specimens were examined by smear microscopy,then bacterial culture,and finally judged by precision verification method.Taking results of precision verification method as the gold standard,the effect and efficiency of single smear microscopy,bacterial culture and combination of them were evaluated and compared;the detection results of different specimen types were analyzed.ResultsOf the 88 microbial samples,precision verification identified 70 cases positive and 18 cases negative;smear microscopy identified 58 cases positive and 30 cases negative;bacterial culture examination identified 62 cases positive and 26 cases negative;the combination of the two identified 68 cases positive and 20 cases negative.Calculation on test efficiency revealed that the accuracy and sensitivity of the combined test were higher than that of single smear microscopy and single bacterial culture(P<0.05).In identification on types of pathogenic bacteria(Gram-positive bacteria,Gram-negative bacteria,fungi)in urine,sputum,pleural effusion and pus,the combined test had higher accuracy than single smear microscopy and single bacterial culture,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Smear microscopy and bacterial culture have certain value in microbiological test,but the combination of the two can further improve the test value.In clinical microbiological test,performing smear microscopy followed by bacterial culture has better effects in detection of pathogen bacteria.

关 键 词：微生物检验 涂片镜检 细菌培养检查 精密度验证法 检验效能 

分 类 号：R44[医药卫生—诊断学]