人类尊严能够取代人的尊严吗?  

Can Human Dignity Replace Individual Dignity?

作　　者：吴佳昊 Wu Jiahao

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权》2025年第1期81-100,共20页Human Rights

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(项目编号:20AZD028)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：人类尊严理论通过识别某些人类固有特征,将人作为万物之灵,并使个体因作为这些特征的载体而有价值。在此理论之下,个体被要求积极行为以彰显人性本质,参与政治以服务社群。总体而言,这一有关尊严的解释范式,创设了特殊的自主性概念并提供了实现方法,借助对人类价值的重视促进了政治的世俗化。人的尊严学说预设了个体的内在价值,通过对国家课以法律义务的方式,捍卫个体的自治与平等地位。囿于本质主义与共同体本位的立场,人类尊严理论所能提供的自主与平等对个体而言是有限的。人的尊严概念通过价值论对本体论的超越,创造了独特的开放性结构,以吸收各国的人权实践并加以反思,进而能整合抽象社会、推进全球人权事业、改良批判政治现实,故而不能被人类尊严理论取代。The theory of human dignity identifies certain inherent human characteristics,elevating humanity as the pinnacle of creation and valuing individuals as carriers of these traits.Under this framework,individuals are called to actively embody their human essence and participate in political life to serve the community.Overall,this interpretive paradigm of dignity establishes a distinct concept of autonomy and provides methods for its realization,fostering the secularization of politics by emphasizing human value.The doctrine of individual dignity presupposes the intrinsic worth of individuals and defends their autonomy and equal status through the imposition of legal obligations on the state.However,limited by its essentialist and communitarian orientation,the scope of autonomy and equality it provides to individuals remains constrained.By transcending ontology with a valuebased approach,the concept of individual dignity creates a unique,open structure that incorporates and reflects on global human rights practices.This adaptability enables it to integrate abstract societies,advance the global human rights agenda,and critique and refine political realities.Consequently,the concept of individual dignity cannot be supplanted by the human dignity theory.

关 键 词：尊严的观念 本质主义 个体价值 反思平衡 功能分析 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]