人的尊严的法律保护:从规制“仇恨言论”说起  

Legal Protection of Human Dignity:Starting from Regulating“Hate Speech”

作　　者：黄文婷 Huang Wenting

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《人权》2025年第1期101-123,共23页Human Rights

摘　　要：人的尊严的法律保护,可从规制“仇恨言论”的角度加以研究。世界绝大多数国家的实践表明,人的尊严成为限制表达自由的根本价值。法律保护的人的尊严具有三层次内涵,作为人类存在的生命尊严、作为特定群体的成员尊严以及作为独特个体的个人尊严。三层次内涵共同指向人是目的这一核心要义,表明人不能被贬损为纯粹的手段而被伤害。人的尊严的内涵决定了尊严离不开国家和社会主体的保护。传统上,人的尊严保护主要依靠国家,但在网络时代到来后,其呈现出强化和扩大社会主体的尊重义务的新变化。据此,人的尊严保护关键在于顺应时代发展调整国家以及社会的责任分配。我国应在作为宪法价值的人的尊严的指引下,通过立法完善执法和司法以建构整体的保护体系、细化社会主体的义务并构建不同层级的监管机制,从而形成国家和社会的有效保护。The legal protection of human dignity can be explored from the perspective of regulating“hate speech”The practices of most countries worldwide demonstrate that human dignity serves as a fundamental value limiting the freedom of expression.Legally protected human dignity encompasses three levels of meaning:the dignity of life as an inherent aspect of human existence,the dignity of individuals as members of specific groups,and the personal dignity of individuals as unique beings.These three levels collectively emphasize the principle that human beings are ends in themselves,underscoring that individuals must not be degraded to mere means or subjected to harm.The inherent nature of human dignity necessitates its protection by both the state and societal entities.Traditionally,the safeguarding of human dignity has primarily depended on state intervention.However,with the advent of the digital age,this responsibility has increasingly extended to social entities,imposing changes of enhanced and expanded obligations of respect.Consequently,the key to protecting human dignity lies in adjusting the allocation of responsibilities between the state and society in accordance with the development of the times.Under the guidance of human dignity as a constitutional value,China should focus on establishing a comprehensive protection system by improving legislation,law enforcement,and judicial practices.This includes specifying the obligations of social entities and constructing multilevel regulatory mechanisms to form an effective system of protection by the state and society.

关 键 词：人的尊严 法律保护 “仇恨言论” 国家义务 社会责任 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]