山区铁路高程控制网测量及其数据处理方案研究  

Scheme of Elevation Control Network Survey and Data Processing of Complex and Treacherous Mountainous Railway

作　　者：朱郭勤[1] ZHU Guoqin(China Railway First Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安710043

出　　处：《铁道勘察》2025年第2期1-5,共5页Railway Investigation and Surveying

基　　金：中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司科技开发计划重点课题(2021KY73ZD(ZDZX)-01)。

摘　　要：复杂艰险山区铁路建设面临巨大挑战,尤其当铁路穿越地形高差显著区域时,深埋长大隧道数量众多,这对高程控制网测量及数据处理提出极高要求。为了确保复杂艰险山区铁路长大隧道高程精准贯通及无砟轨道精确铺设,必须对高程测量中各项改正因素进行深入研究。通过综合分析相关水准测量资料及铁路施工过程中的重力测量数据,探讨水准测量高差改正项对最终测量结果的影响;同时,对重力测量方法及其重力异常改正方案进行详细研究,以确保测量数据的准确性和可靠性。研究表明,在远离国道地段,重力点测量间距宜按8~16 km控制;洞内施工前期应按间隔2~4 km进行重力测量,并对高差进行重力异常改正。研究结果表明,通过这些方案,可以有效提高测量精度,减少误差,从而为山区铁路的建设提供坚实的技术支持。The construction of railways in complex and hazardous mountainous regions faces significant challenges,particularly when traversing areas with dramatic topographic elevation differences.The presence of numerous deep-buried long tunnels imposes extremely high requirements on elevation control network surveying and data processing.To ensure the precise breakthrough of long tunnels and the accurate installation of ballastless tracks in such challenging mountainous railway projects,its essential to conduct in-depth research on various correction factors in elevation measurement.By comprehensively analyzing relevant leveling data and gravity measurement data collected during railway construction,this study investigated the impact of elevation correction terms in leveling on final measurement results.Simultaneously,detailed research was carried out on gravity measurement methods and gravity anomaly correction schemes to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurement data.The research indicates that in areas distant from national highways,the spacing of gravity measurement points should be controlled within 8~16 km,while preliminary gravity measurements in tunnels should be conducted at 2~4 km intervals with corresponding gravity anomaly corrections applied to elevation differences.The findings demonstrate that implementing these solutions can effectively enhance measurement precision,reduce errors,and thereby provide robust technical support for railway construction in mountainous regions.

关 键 词：山区铁路 高程控制网 高差改正项 重力测量 复测 

分 类 号：U212.24[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] P258[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]