视障孤独症人士的融合困境与对策  

Integration difficulties and solutions for visually impaired people with autism

作　　者：朱宏璐 程雪[2] 徐健 汤子璇 陶曼莉 张嵘[6,7] ZHU Honglu;CHENG Xue;XU Jian;TANG Zixuan;TAO Manli;ZHANG Rong(Mental Health Education and Development Center,Chongqing Three Gorges Water Conservancy and Electric Power School,Chongqing 404000,China;Chongqing Mental Health Center,Chongqing 401147,China;Blind New Road Assistance Service Platform,Shenzhen 518000,China;School of Special Education,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Children’s Rehabilitation,Chongqing University Affiliated Three Gorges Hospital,Chongqing 404000,China;Neuroscience Research Institute,Department of Neurobiology of School of Basic Medical Sciences,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience,Ministry of Education Commission,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of National Health Commission,Beijing University,Beijing 100191,China;Autism Research Center,Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市三峡水利电力学校心理健康教育与发展中心,重庆404000 [2]重庆市精神卫生中心,重庆401147 [3]视障新路助盲服务平台,广东深圳518000 [4]北京联合大学特殊教育学院,北京100075 [5]重庆大学附属三峡医院儿童康复科,重庆404000 [6]北京大学神经科学研究所,北京大学基础医学院神经生物学系,神经科学教育部重点实验室,国家卫生健康委员会神经科学重点实验室,北京100191 [7]北京大学医学部孤独症研究中心,北京100191

出　　处：《新医学》2025年第3期301-308,共8页Journal of New Medicine

基　　金：京津冀基础研究合作专项(J230013)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨视力障碍(视障)孤独症人士面临的挑战,分析可能的支持措施与对策。方法 使用质性研究的方法,以目的抽样法通过朋友推荐和相关网络社群招募在孤独症社群中有过视障经历的9名人士或其家长参加访谈,采用网络文字或语音访谈的形式,收集视障孤独症人士面临的困境及可能的解决方法。访谈提纲的设计依据主要是根据之前和访谈对象的互动聊天中关注的共同点。结果 该人群面临的挑战包括医疗的可及性、视障和孤独症叠加所带来的艰难处境、刻板印象、传统视力障碍人士学习的专业对孤独症特质的挑战、社会环境的不友好以及心理健康等问题。结论 视障孤独症人士是客观存在但没有得到应有关注的人群,应加强早期筛查和干预,加强对专业人士相关知识的教育,拓宽大学专业选择,通过多方面的努力,为视障孤独症人士创造更美好的未来。Objective To explore the challenges faced by individuals with visual impairment and autism,and analyze possible supporting measures and solutions.Methods A qualitative research was adopted by conducting interviews through voice and text-based communication methods among autism individuals with a history of visual impairment who were enrolled via recommendation and online networking by purposive sampling method.The difficulties and potential solution of visually impaired individuals with autism were collected.The interview content was designed mainly based upon common contents during previous interaction with the participants.Results Challenges included accessibility to healthcare services,the challenging situation arising from the comorbidity of visual impairment and autism,stereotype,the incompatibility of traditional vocational training for autistic individuals with visual impairment,unfriendly social environment and mental health issues,etc.Conclusions The visually impaired population with autism exists but receives insufficient attention.It is necessary to strengthen early screening and intervention,enhance the education of relevant knowledge for professionals,broaden major options in universities and make concrete efforts,thereby creating a better future for visually impaired individuals with autism.

关 键 词：社会共融 视力障碍 孤独症 质性研究 

分 类 号：R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]