马铃薯枯萎病拮抗细菌的分离及生测评价  

Isolation and Bioassay Evaluation of Antagonistic Bacteria Against Potato Fusarium Wilt

作　　者：李昊宇 李爱珍 王娅婷 张键[3] 赵君[3] 张之为[3] LI Haoyu;LI Aizhen;WANG Yating;ZHANG Jian;ZHAO Jun;ZHANG Zhiwei(Bayannur Modern Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Center,Bayannur 015000,China;Hohhot Institute of Landscape Science,Hohhot 010090,China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Academician Expert Workstation for Microecological Control of Soil borne Diseases in Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]巴彦淖尔市现代农牧事业发展中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [2]呼和浩特市园林科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010090 [3]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院/内蒙古土传病害微生态调控院士专家工作站,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期1-6,13,共7页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860495);内蒙古自治区应用技术研究与开发资金计划(201803048);农业部微生物重点实验室开放基金项目(2016003)。

摘　　要：马铃薯枯萎病是一种由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)导致的马铃薯严重病害,而生物防治被认为是安全有效的防控方法。为了分离获得对马铃薯枯萎病具有拮抗效果的细菌,以内蒙古3个不同马铃薯地块中采集的根围和根际土作为材料,采用平板对峙法筛选拮抗细菌。结果表明:从土壤样本中一共分离得到1465个细菌菌株,其中放线菌74株;筛选出30个对马铃薯枯萎病病原菌具有明显拮抗效果的拮抗菌,其中5株拮抗菌(XS142、XS146、XS107、XS156、DS86)对马铃薯枯萎病、黄萎病、黑痣病、晚疫病病原菌均能够产生一定抑菌作用。通过盆栽试验证明XS142、XS146、DS86、XS107、XS156等5个菌株对马铃薯枯萎病具有生防效果,经过拮抗菌预处理的马铃薯枯萎病的病情指数比对照分别降低了76.31%、63.16%、47.37%、39.48%和21.05%,除菌株XS156外,其余菌株处理植株的病情指数均与对照有显著性差异。通过研究,筛选出4株对马铃薯黄萎病、枯萎病、黑痣病、晚疫病病原菌具有广谱拮抗作用的生防菌,为防控马铃薯土传病害奠定了一定理论基础。Potato fusarium wilt is a serious disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum,and biological control is considered a safe and effective control and prevention method.In order to isolate antagonistic bacteria against potato fusarium wilt,rhizosphere soil and rhizosphere soil collected from three different potato sites in Inner Mongolia were used as materials and the bacteria with antagonistic effect were screened by plate confrontation experiments.The results showed that a total of 1465 bacterial strains including 74 actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples.There were 30 antagonistic bacteria with significant antagonistic effects against potato fusarium wilt pathogens,and among them five antagonistic bacteria(XS142,XS146,XS107,XS156,and DS86)were able to exert certain antibacterial effects on the pathogens of potato fusarium wilt,verticillium wilt,black spot,and late blight.It was proven through pot experiments that the five strains XS142,XS146,DS86,XS107,and XS156 had biocontrol effects against potato fusarium wilt,and the disease indexes of potato pretreated by five strains were reduced by 76.31%,63.16%,47.37%,39.48%,and 21.05%,respectively.Except for strain XS156,the disease indexes of plants treated by other strains were significantly different from those of control.Through this study,four biocontrol bacteria with broad-spec trum antagonistic effect against potato fusarium wilt,verticillium wilt,black spot,and late blight pathogens were screened,laying a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of potato soil borne diseases.

关 键 词：马铃薯 枯萎病 拮抗菌 生防效果 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]