从医疗社会史的角度看贝居安运动  

The Beguine Movement from the Perspective of Social History of Medicine

作　　者：卢华楠 Lu Huanan(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《古代文明(中英文)》2025年第2期46-59,M0004,共15页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金青年项目“西欧中世纪贝安居史料整理与研究”(项目批号:22CSS025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：贝居安运动是一场广泛兴盛于12—14世纪西欧的半世俗半宗教的女性运动。贝居安社区具有明显的医院功能,为病患祈祷或代祷、提供医护和临终陪伴是贝居安生活的重要内容。圣徒列传和早期贝居安传记中常有对麻风病及其他疫病的描述。黑死病也曾入侵贝居安社区并造成一定的影响。但总体而言,贝居安社区为中世纪单身女性提供了相对稳定的庇护,尤其是在疫病蔓延时期,严格的门禁制度、完善的自给体系和相对丰富的医疗经验极大降低了其遭受疫病侵害的程度。“僧俗合一”的贝居安及其与疫病的互动折射出中世纪城市生活的重要内容和医疗社会史的深刻内涵。The Beguine movement was a semi-religious,semi-secular female movement that flourished widely in Western Europe from the 12th to the 14th centuries.With significant hospital functions,the Beguines communities provided praying,medical care,and funeral services.Numerous hagiographies contain descriptions of the leprosy and other epidemics.The Black Death also invaded Beguinages and caused certain consequences.Generally speaking,Beguine communities provided relatively stable shelters for single women in the Middle Ages,especially during the period of epidemic.The strict access control,perfect self-sustainability and rich medical experiences greatly reduced the possible damage from plagues.The lifestyle of Beguines especially their interactions with epidemic are important aspects of medieval urban life in northern Europe.

关 键 词：贝居安运动 贝居安医院 贝居安传记 黑死病 医疗社会史 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生] K503[历史地理—历史学]