《史记》中司马迁对“私密性文本”的改造——以战国晚期君主及秦二世继位问题为例  

Sima Qian's Transformation of"Private Texts"in Shiji:Taking the Latest Monarchs of the Warring States Period and the Second Emperor of the Qin Dynasty as Examples

作　　者：陈陶然 Chen Taoran(Department of History,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《古代文明(中英文)》2025年第2期89-101,M0005,共14页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

摘　　要：司马迁在《史记》编纂中利用了大量非当事人不可知的“私密性文本”,新见出土文献中也出现多种与之相关却观点迥异的文本,学界已有讨论。利用多种文献,对照《史记》记载的赵王迁、楚幽王、秦王政和秦二世继位事件,可以发现,在有充分证据证伪时,司马迁并不采纳“私密性文本”;当缺乏更多证据时,司马迁对“私密性文本”会进行合理化改造并两存;司马迁也会对“私密性文本”进行细致的“文本控制”以表达自己的观点,在改造中甚至会违背文本原意。相关“私密性文本”所记事件的真实情况已难以确知,但是分析司马迁对“私密性文本”的改造以及其中出现的“文本失控”现象,可以一定意义上还原相关文本的内容和观点,同时也能深入了解司马迁的改造方法及相关思想。Sima Qian utilized a large number of"private texts"in his compilation of Shiji(《史记》).By comparison of the narratives of Shiji about King Qian of state Zhao(赵王迁),King You of state Chu(楚幽王),and the First and the Second Emperor of the Qin Dynasty against other historical sources,it can be found that Sima Qian did not adopt"private texts"when there was sufficient evidence.When the evidence was not sufficient,Sima Qian would rationalize and transform the"private texts"in his narratives.Sima Qian might also control the"private texts"meticulously to express his own perspectives,at the sacrifice of the validity of the original materials.Although the realities behind the related"private texts"are difficult to verify,careful analysis of the methods used by Sima Qian in his transformation of the"private texts"is necessary for the understanding of Sima Qian's methodology.

关 键 词：“文本控制” 《史记》 “私密性文本” 秦二世篡位说 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]