基于气味配伍理论探讨名老中医治疗高血压病的组方特点  

Exploration of Prescription Characteristics of Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctors in Treating Hypertension Based on the Odor Compatibility Theory

作　　者：张钰欣 张小虎[1] 翟双庆[2] ZHANG Yu-xin;ZHANG Xiao-hu;ZHAI Shuang-qing(Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou Guangdong 510006;Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学,广东广州510006 [2]北京中医药大学,北京100029

出　　处：《世界中西医结合杂志》2025年第3期468-473,共6页World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1704100,2018YFC1704105);科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY102000,2022FY102002)。

摘　　要：目的基于气味配伍理论对名老中医治疗高血压病的组方特点进行研究。方法运用Excel、R语言对FangNet平台中名老中医治疗高血压病的症状、药物的性味进行频数和关联分析,运用气味配伍理论对结果进行阐释。结果高血压病以头晕为主要临床表现。药物药性以寒为主,其次为温;药味以甘为主,其次为苦、辛;高频药物性味以苦寒最多。钩藤、天麻、牛膝、杜仲、夏枯草、栀子、黄芩为高血压病的核心处方,药味以苦、甘为主,辛、酸为辅。结论高血压病多见“风”“热”之象,以阴虚阳亢,气血逆乱为核心病机。名老中医法《黄帝内经》六气治则,以“风淫于内”“热淫于内”气味配伍作为指导,最终形成了“治以苦寒,佐以甘辛,以酸收之,以咸潜之”的组方模式。其中以苦寒为主,重清热凉血降逆;以甘辛为佐,助息风补虚散通。苦甘相配,清热息风、补泻同施;苦辛相伍,行气解郁、通降并用。在治疗中注重调肝,将苦、甘、辛、酸作为高血压病调肝的基本配伍,通过逆肝气、缓肝急、散肝郁、敛肝阴,恢复气机升降,阴阳调和。Objective To explore the prescription characteristics of famous TCM doctors in treating hypertension based on the odor compatibility theory.Methods Excel and R language were employed to conduct frequency and correlation analyses of symptoms,properties,and flavors of drugs in famous TCM doctors′treatment of hypertension on the FangNet platform.Then,the results were explained based on the odor compatibility theory.Results Dizziness was the primary clinical manifestation of hypertension.The medicinal properties were predominantly cold,followed by warm;the medicinal flavor was primarily sweet,followed by bitter and pungent.High-frequency drugs were mainly of bitter-cold flavor.The core prescriptions for hypertension included Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis,Gastrodiae Rhizoma,Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Eucommiae Cortex,Prunellae Spica,Gardeniae Fructus,and Scutellariae Radixare,mainly exhibiting bitter and sweet flavor and supplemented by pungent and sour.Conclusion Hypertension is typically manifested by“wind”and“heat”,while the core pathogenesis is yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity as well as the disorder of qi and blood.According to the treatment from the six climatic factors of Huangdi Neijing,the famous TCM doctors develop a formula pattern of“treatment with bitter cold,accompanied by sweet and pungent,with acid to converge,and salty to suppress”,guided by odor compatibility of“pathogenic wind and heat invade and accumulate in the body to cause disease”.Among the formulas,bitter-cold is the main,emphasizing clearing heat and cooling blood to descend adverse qi;sweet and pungent is the assistant,helping to calm the wind and tonify the deficiency to dissipate and dredge.Bitterness and sweetness are combined to clear heat and calm wind by joint application of tonifying and reducing;bitterness and simplicity are combined to move qi and relieve depression by both dredging and descending.In the treatment,regulating the liver should be the focus.Therefore,the basic combination for regulating the live

关 键 词：气味配伍 名老中医 高血压病 组方特点 《黄帝内经》 象思维 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]