德钦县藏族人民对松茸的可持续采收实践  

Sustainable Harvesting Practices of Tricholoma matsutake by Tibetans in Deqin County

作　　者：张鹏万 孙达锋[2] ZHANG Pengwan;SUN Dafeng(Yunnan Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve,Diqing 674400,China;Kunming Edible Fungi Institute of All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives,Kunming 650221,China)

机构地区：[1]云南白马雪山国家级自然保护区管护局,云南迪庆674400 [2]中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所,云南昆明650221

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2025年第1期115-119,共5页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：重大科技专项计划(202402AE090001)。

摘　　要：2020年和2021的10月至11月,对德钦县松茸产区4个村48个社区的294位居民代表进行了半结构式访谈。访谈内容包括受访者的性别、年龄、受教育程度、松茸采收习惯、收益情况、产量影响因素以及松茸保护策略。结果显示,接受访谈的家庭代表全为藏族,其中95.24%的受访者有采收松茸的经验,采收期集中在8月至9月,采收间隔时间多为0~3 d。受访者在2021年的松茸采收量较2020年低,但平均收入有所增加,说明松茸的单价上升。2021年采收松茸的收入在家庭收入中的占比由2020年的21.1%上升至25.6%。多数受访者认为采收方式、降雨量、光照时间、海拔是影响松茸产量的重要因素。但关于如何提高松茸产量,62.24%的人没有相应策略。在此基础上提出了禁止采收童茸和成熟茸、规范采收工具、保护菌塘及周围环境、降低采收频率、制定村民公约等可促进松茸可持续发展的建议。Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 294 resident representatives from 48 communities in 4 villages in Tricholoma matsutake producion area of Deqin County from October to November 2020 and 2021.The interviews covering respondents’gender,age,education level,Tricholoma matsutake collection habits,profitability,factors influencing T.matsutake yield,and strategies to protect T.matsutake.The results showed that the family representatives interviewed were all Tibetan,of which 95.24%had experience in collecting T.matsutake,the harvesting period was concentrated in August to September,and the interval between harvests was mostly 0 to 3 days.Respondents harvested smaller amounts of T.matsutake in 2021 than in 2020,but their average income increased,suggesting that the unit price of T.matsutake increased.The income from harvesting T.matsutake as a percentage of household income increased to 25.6%in 2021 from 21.1%in 2020.Most of the respondents believed that harvesting method,rainfall,light period and altitude were important factors affecting the production of T.matsutake.But as for how to increase the production of T.matsutake,62.24%of them did not have a corresponding strategy.Based on this,some suggestions were put forward to promote the sustainable development of T.matsutake,such as ban the harvesting of young and mature T.matsutake,standardise harvesting tools,protect T.matsutake ponds and the surrounding environment,reduce the frequency of harvesting,and formulate a villagers’convention.

关 键 词：松茸 德钦县 藏民 可持续发展建议 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]