贵阳市小学新生常见病检出情况及家长检后健康管理服务需求  

Prevalence of common illness among primary school freshmen in Guiyang and parental health management service needs after the examination

作　　者：蔡菁晖 朱焱[1] 张加才 方雪 CAI Jinghui;ZHU Yan;ZHANG Jiacai;FANG Xue(School of Public Health and Health Services,Guizhou Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guiyang(561113),Guizhou Province,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院/环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵阳561113

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第2期285-289,294,共6页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2021-405)。

摘　　要：目的 了解贵阳市小学新生健康状况及家长检后健康管理服务需求,为构建家校医三方共防、共治的学校健康管理工作提供参考依据。方法 于2024年9—10月,在贵阳市采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,分别抽取3 210名参与本年度小学入学体检的新生及其家长3 133名为研究对象。收集学生人口统计学指标、体格检查指标、实验室检查指标,自编问卷调查家长对于学生检后健康管理服务需求。采用多重线性回归分析家长检后健康管理服务需求的相关因素。结果 小学新生常见病检出率分别为龋齿60.22%、筛查性近视17.23%、肥胖6.11%、缺铁性贫血3.86%、脊柱侧弯1.15%。体检新生多病共患率为23.89%(767名),其中筛查性近视+龋齿(8.22%)及肥胖+龋齿(4.27%)检出率较高。有63.80%的家长表示体检项目较简单,2 366名(75.52%)表示对检后健康管理服务有需求;家长对检后健康服务需求的平均得分为(3.12±0.70)分。从各维度来看,营养健康的得分均值(3.58±0.74)最高,中医保健得分均值(2.77±0.67)最低,其他分别为运动干预(3.29±0.79)、心理监测(3.17±0.58)、健康教育与签约服务(2.81±0.73)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,父母文化程度(初中、高中/中专、大专/本科及以上)、居住情况(流动)、孩子患病情况(1,2,≥3种)是新生入学检后家长健康管理服务需求的相关因素(B值分别为2.16,3.07,3.68;-2.19;3.14,3.34,3.11,P值均<0.05)。结论 贵阳市小学新生常见病患病率单病负担较重,多病共患情况凸显。入学体检后,家长对于后续健康管理服务需求明显,检后健康管理服务应根据家长需求且融入多病共防理念。Objective To understand the health status of primary school freshmen in Guiyang and the health management service needs of parents after examination,so as to provide a reference for establishment of a collaborative health management framework involving schools,families,and healthcare providers.Methods From September to October 2024,a stratified random cluster sampling method was used in Guiyang City to select 3210 students and 3133 parents who participated in the physical examination for primary school freshmen.Demographic indicators,physical examination indicators and laboratory examination indicators of students were collected,and parents'needs for post examination health management service were investigated by self-designed questionnaire.Multiple linear regression analysis was adopted to investigate the related factors of parents'health management service needs after the examination.Results The detection rates of common illness among primary school freshmen were 60.22%for dental caries,17.23%for screening myopia,6.11%for obesity,3.86%for iron deficiency anemia,and 1.15%for scoliosis.The co-occurrence rate of common illness among freshmen during the physical examination was 23.89%(n=767),among which the comorbidity rate of screening myopia and dental caries(8.22%)and obesity and dental caries(4.27%)were higher.About 63.80%parents indicated that the physical examination items were simple,and 2366 parents(75.52%)indicated a demand for post-examination management services;the average score of parents'demands for post-examination services was(3.12±0.70).In terms of the scores of each dimension,the mean score of nutrition and health(3.58±0.74)was the highest,while the lowest mean score was for traditional Chinese medicine health care(2.77±0.67).The mean scores for the other dimensions were as follows:exercise intervention(3.29±0.79),psychological monitoring(3.17±0.58),and health education and signing(2.81±0.73).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that parents'educational level(junior high

关 键 词：龋齿 近视 肥胖症 贫血 回归分析 学生 法定监护人 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R181.32[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G78[文化科学—教育学]