从“养生”到“卫生”:近代中国对素食的倡导及实践(1910—1937)  

From Health Preservation to Hygiene:the Advocacy and Practice of Vegetarian Diet in Modern China(1910—1937)

作　　者：范铁权[1] 黄敏 FAN Tiequan;HUANG Min(History Institute,Hebei University,Baoding 071002;Colorful Lantern Museum of China,Zigong 643000)

机构地区：[1]河北大学历史学院,河北保定071002 [2]中国彩灯博物馆,四川自贡643000

出　　处：《中国农史》2025年第1期3-14,共12页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金一般项目“民国时期的饮食卫生问题与社会应对研究”(19BZS094)。

摘　　要：中国古代文献中的食素行为,多被赋予戒杀、养生、德行等内涵。近代以来,在西方素食运动和卫生营养知识东渐的背景下,知识精英倡导素食,到民国时期一度达到高潮,出现了众多标榜素食的民间组织,卫生素食馆、应时素食及素食搭配品亦受到时人青睐。知识精英和报刊媒体对素食的积极倡导及各地实践,促进了时人饮食观念的变化。食素风气主要盛行于上海等大都市,呈现出阶层、地域的不平衡,为提倡素食而否定肉食也在一定程度上削弱了其影响力。In ancient Chinese literature,vegetarian behavior was endowed with the connotation of abstaining from killing,health preservation and moral virtue.In modern times,under the background of the western vegetarian movement and the spread of health and nutrition knowledge to the east,the intellectual elite advocated vegetarian diet,and reached a climax in the Republic of China,there were many civil organizations advocating vegetarian diet,and health vegetarian restaurants,seasonal vegetarian food and vegetarian products were also favored by the people of the time.The active advocacy and practice of vegetarian diet by the intellectual elites and newspapers and media promoted the change of people's dietary concepts.Vegetarianism prevailed in Shanghai and other metropolises,showing an imbalance between classes and regions,and denying meat to advocate vegetarianism unexpectedly weakened its influence to a certain extent.

关 键 词：素食 实践 卫生 地域 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]