机器与棉花:近代棉业改进与乡村社会变迁研究——以工商业影响下的农业经济为视角  

Machines and Cotton:A Study on the Improvements of Modern Cotton Industry and Rural Social Changes:From the Perspective of Agricultural Economy Influenced by Industry and Commerce

作　　者：苏泽龙[1] 李凯旋 SU Zelong;LI Kaixuan(School of History and Culture,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006)

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《中国农史》2025年第1期132-144,共13页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“集体化时期农业技术与农村社会变迁相关资料收集、整理与研究”(22BZS147)。

摘　　要：自宋代开始引种棉花以来,棉业在传统农业中一直占据重要地位。鸦片战争后,洋棉倾销冲击着本土棉花的地位,机器纺织业快速发展更暴露出本土棉花量少质差的问题,棉业改进工作被提上日程。为改善和提升本土棉花的产量和质量,从政府到社会多个层面进行了棉花种植业的改进工作。受棉业改进工作影响,棉花的贸易方式和流通范围发生了明显变化,乡村手工纺织业的发展进程显著加快,乡民的生产与生活面临深刻变革。棉业改进由此成为近代中国由工业发展影响乡村社会变迁的一项重要内容。通过对近代棉业改进工作的研究,可以为近代乡村社会变迁研究提供一个新视角。Since the introduction of cotton cultivation in the Song Dynasty,the cotton industry has always occupied an important position in traditional agriculture.After the opening of trade with the West following the Opium Wars,the dumping of foreign cotton impacted the status of domestic cotton,while the rapid development of machine textile industry further exposed the issues of low quantity and poor quality of domestic cotton,the improvements of the cotton industry has been put on the agenda.To enhance the yield and quality of domestic cotton,improvements were made in cotton farming from multiple levels,including the government and society.Influenced by these improvement efforts in the cotton industry,significant changes occurred in the trade mode and circulation scope of cotton,and the development process of rural handicraft textile industry significantly accelerated,bringing profound changes to the production and life of villagers.Thus,the improvement of the cotton industry became an important aspect of rural social change in modern China influenced by industrial development.The study of the improvements in moderen cotton industry,which can provide a new perspective on the study of modern rural social change.

关 键 词：棉业改进 机器纺织 近代乡村社会 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]