定指效应与汉语“人称代词+数量名”结构研究  

Definiteness Effect and“Pronoun+Num-Cl-NP”Structure in Chinese

作　　者：李京廉[1] 汪昌松 LI Jinglian;WANG Changsong(School of Foreign Languages,Beijing Institute of Technology/Key Laboratory of Language,Cognition and Computation,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2025年第2期162-175,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“最简界面视域下限定性的跨语言对比研究”(21AYY002);国家社科基金一般项目“汉语代词语法限制的句法多重界面研究”(23BYY038)的资助。

摘　　要：本文从定指效应出发考察汉语存现句中“人称代词+数量名”结构的句法构造。已有分析不能解释为何该结构可以出现在汉语存现句中而不违反定指效应。本文通过数量提问测试、数词“一”省略测试、语义指向测试及共现测试,证明汉语存现句中的“人称代词+数量名”结构是一个数词短语而非限定词短语。由于数词短语是不定指的,因而“人称代词+数量名”结构可以出现在汉语存现句中而不违反定指效应。在此基础上,本文比较了汉语“人称代词+数量名”结构与英语“人称代词+数名”结构在存现句中的不同表现,可为跨语言比较研究提供新视角。This study examines the syntactic structure of “Pronoun + Num-Cl-NP” in Chinese existential sentences from the perspective of the Definiteness Effect. Previous analyses of “Pronoun +Num-Cl-NP” fail to explain why this structure can occur in Chinese existential sentences without triggering such effect. Using tests like questions, ellipsis of numeral yi 'one', semantic orientation, and constituent co-occurrence, this study demonstrates that the “Pronoun + Num-ClNP” in Chinese existential sentences should be analyzed as a NumP, instead of a DP. As a NumP is indefinite, it will not violate the Definiteness Effect. On the basis of this analysis, the different syntactic behaviors of “Pronoun + Num-Cl-NP” in Chinese existentials and “Pronoun + Num-NP”in English existentials are compared, which provides a new comparative perspective for studying these languages.

关 键 词：存现句 定指效应 “人称代词+数量名”结构 附加语 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]