论元的指谓——英汉语比较视角下的本体论分析  

Denotations of Arguments:An Ontological Analysis Based on the Comparison between English and Mandarin

作　　者：张小倩 胡建华 ZHANG Xiaoqian;HU Jianhua(Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京市100732 [2]广东外语外贸大学,广东省广州市510420

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2025年第2期176-189,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：胡建华主持的国家社科基金重大项目“儿童语言发展的行为学和脑机制研究及临床应用与数据库建设”(23&ZD319)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文从英汉语比较的视角探讨自然语言中论元指谓的区分及区分手段。在本体论的分析框架下,本文指出无论是英语还是汉语(或其他任何语言),论元都指谓实体,且实体可分为具体物体、事件、事实、命题四类。英、汉语都可利用谓词对不同类型的实体加以区分,体现出语义上的跨语言普遍性,但英、汉语对谓词的具体区分标准存在跨语言差异。虽然形态-句法标记可在一定程度上对论元指谓加以区分,但这一语法手段并不能对四类实体进行严格的区分。此外,与英语相比,汉语更难使用形态-句法手段对不同类型的实体作出区分。Drawing on data from English and Mandarin,this study investigates the grammatical means that natural languages adopt to distinguish denotations of arguments.Within the framework of natural language ontology,arguments in both English and Mandarin(or any other language)denote four types of entities,namely objects,eventuality,facts,and propositions.Both languages can resort to predicates to distinguish different types of entities,which suggests that the criterion of predicates is a semantic universal.However,English and Mandarin use different features to distinguish different types of predicates,which reveals a cross-linguistic variation.Although the morphosyntactic criterion can be used to distinguish denotations of arguments to a certain extent,it is not a strict grammatical diagnostic.Compared to English,the use of morphosyntactic mechanisms is more restricted in Mandarin due to factors such as the sub-categorization constraint.

关 键 词：论元的指谓 本体论 英汉比较 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]