4YZJ-4型玉米茎穗兼收收获机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of 4YZJ-4 corn ear and stem harvester

作　　者：邸志峰 姜伟 李娜 张华 崔中凯 周进 郑书河[1] 张作坤 DI Zhifeng;JIANG Wei;LI Na;ZHANG Hua;CUI Zhongkai;ZHOU Jin;ZHENG Shuhe;ZHANG Zuokun(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China;Rizhao Liying Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Rizhao 276500,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学机电工程学院,福建福州350002 [2]山东省农业机械科学研究院,山东济南250100 [3]日照市立盈机械制造有限公司,山东日照276500

出　　处：《农业装备与车辆工程》2025年第3期1-5,共5页Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering

基　　金：山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升项目(2022TSGC2502);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024A09);山东省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目(NJYTHSD-202318)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着果穗收获技术日趋成熟,劳动力成本的增加和畜牧业大力发展,穗茎兼收收获机需求逐步增加。在分析现有同类机型的基础上,设计了4YZJ-4型玉米穗茎兼收收获机,该机能够一次性完成果穗收获、茎秆收获和根茬处理等作业。采用双层割台完成果穗和茎秆同时收获,动刀盘刀片人字形排列可有效提高切碎质量降低功耗,收获机配置了专用草箱既可独自完成茎秆回收,也可满足跟车回收作业需求。通过大面积田间试验验证,结果表明:总损失率为3.2%,果穗含杂率为0.88%,苞叶剥净率为92%,秸秆长度合格率为93.9%,生产率为0.4~0.8 hm^(2),各项指标均达到或优于国家标准,整机工作可靠稳定。该机型可实现茎秆清洁回收及作业效率和茎秆切碎效果显著提升,能够明显改善当前穗茎兼收收获机存在的问题。In recent years,with the gradual maturity of ear harvesting machinery,the increase in labor costs,and the vigorous development of animal husbandry,the demand for ear stem harvesting machines has gradually increased.Based on the analysis of existing similar models,the 4YZJ-4 corn ear and stem harvesting machine was designed,which could complete tasks such as ear harvesting,stem harvesting,and root treatment in one go.The double layered harvester was used to harvest both the ears and stems simultaneously,and the herringbone arrangement of the moving blade can effectively improve the chopping quality and reduce power consumption.The harvester was equipped with a dedicated grass box that could independently complete stem recycling or meet the needs of vehicle recycling operations.Through large-scale field experiments,the results showed that the total loss rate was 3.2%,the ear impurity rate was 0.88%,the bud stripping rate was 92%,the straw length qualification rate was 93.9%,the productivity was 0.4~0.8 hm~2,and all indicators met or exceeded national standards.The whole machine worked reliably and stably.This model could achieve clean stem recycling and significantly improve the efficiency and chopping effect of stems,which can significantly improve the problems existing in current ear stem harvesting machines.

关 键 词：玉米收获机 茎穗兼收 双层割台 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]