敦煌本《金藏》若干问题考辨  

Problems Related to a Block-Print Copy of the Jurchen Tripitaka from Dunhuang

作　　者：薛文静 杨富学[2] XUE Wenjing;YANG Fuxue(Institute for Western Frontier Region of China,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710062,Shaanxi;Division of Humanities Research,Dunhuang Academy,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学中国西部边疆研究院,陕西西安710062 [2]敦煌研究院人文研究部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2025年第1期86-96,共11页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“敦煌多元文化交融与中华民族共同体意识”(22VRC025)。

摘　　要：敦煌莫高窟北区出土B53:1-1/2、B57:1、B59:4、B464:77和B168:1五件残片,经前贤研究,为《金藏》之孑遗,此外,B127:7亦应为《金藏》残片。金朝与敦煌之间不存在直接的联系,《金藏》最早刻成于金大定十三年(1173)前后,当时敦煌处于西夏的控制之下,人烟稀少,民生凋敝,故而金刻《金藏》经由夏境而传入敦煌的可能性微乎其微。敦煌发现的《金藏》用纸高精,印刷质量上乘,字迹清晰,版本特殊,应为元室御赐之物,其传入敦煌的时间应在13世纪晚期至1368年以前,与蒙古豳王家族对包括敦煌在内的河西西部地区的统治息息相关。The five fragmental manuscripts B53:1-1/2,B57:1,B59:4,B464:77 and B168:1,which were unearthed in the northern area of the Mogao Grottoes,are known to be the remnants of a copy of the Jurchen Tripitaka.Besides,B127:7 should also be a fragmental manuscript of the Jurchen Tripitaka.There was no direct connection between the Jurchen Jin dynasty and Dunhuang,however,and the Jurchen Tripitaka is known to have first been carved around the 13th year of the Dading era(1173 CE)during the Jurchen Jin period.Dunhuang was under the control of the Western Xia dynasty at the time,and the region was sparsely populated and lived in generally poor material conditions.For these reasons,it is almost impossible for the Jurchen Tripitaka carved by the Jurchen people to have spread to Dunhuang through the Western Xia dynasty.In addition,the Jurchen Tripitaka manuscripts found in Dunhuang were printed with considerable skill on high quality paper with clear handwriting,and even seem to have been created as a special edition.It is possible to infer from the quality of the document that this was given by the royal family of the Yuan dynasty as a gift during the Zhizheng era(1341-1370);which would mean that the Jurchen Tripitaka could have spread to Dunhuang sometime in the late 14th century,though before the year 1368.Finally,the spread of this text is undoubtedly closely related to the rule of the Mongolian Prince Bin's family who lived in the western part of Hexi,which included Dunhuang.

关 键 词：《金藏》 莫高窟北区 印本 蒙古豳王家族 

分 类 号：G256.1[文化科学—图书馆学]