蒙元帝玺制度演变新论  

A New Perspective on the Evolution of the Imperial Seal System in the Mongol-Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：周思成 Zhou Sicheng

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第12期93-112,186,187,共22页Historical Research

摘　　要：蒙元时期帝玺制度的产生、发展,经历了复杂的过程。成吉思汗、窝阔台时期受中原宝玺制度影响,在文书行政中“杂用金宝”。贵由汗、蒙哥汗时期,帝玺作用日益突出,展示了大蒙古国独特的统治思想和对外关系理念。忽必烈时期定型的元朝帝玺制度广泛采用金制。经成宗到顺帝的因革损益,元朝帝玺逐渐成为皇权象征符号和朝廷文书行政中的关键信物,其间一度引入汉唐礼制中的“八宝”。玺印作为中原王朝传统统治技术,对推动草原家产制政权的政治成熟具有重要意义,亦是元代中华民族多元一体格局发展情况的生动体现。The emergence and development of the imperial seal system during the Mongol-Yuan dynasty underwent a complex process.During the reigns of Genghis Khan andÖgödei Khan,imperial seals were used in some administrative documents,under the influence of the established imperial seal system in the Central Plains.During the reigns of Güyük Khan and Möngke Khan,the role of the imperial seals became more prominent,embodying the ruling ideas of the Yeke Mongghol ulus as well as their concept of foreign relations.Kublai Khan finalized the imperial seal system of the Yuan dynasty,which was a further adoption of the Jin system.Through reforms from the reign of Temür Khan to the reign of Togon-temür Khan,the imperial seals gradually became the symbol of imperial power and a key token for administrative documents.The eight-seal system of the Han and Tang dynasties was once introduced at that time.The seal system,as a traditional governance technique of the Central Plains,greatly promoted the political maturity of the steppe patrimonial regime.It is also a vivid manifestation of the development of the Chinese nation with unity in diversity in the Yuan dynasty.

关 键 词：大蒙古国 元朝 帝玺 民族融合 文明交流 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]