脑机接口发展视域下的认知自由  

Cognitive Liberty in the Context of Brain-Computer Interface Evolution

作　　者：戴艺晗 Dai Yihan(School of International Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期185-195,共11页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：人类的内心、精神生活在传统上一直被认为是与他人隔绝、不能被外界所接触,被厚实的头骨所遮挡,仅在我们的大脑中发挥作用。但数字技术、神经科学和认知心理学的重大发展已经挑战了这一认识。现如今,“机器”在读取人类思想、隐藏的意图,乃至梦境领域的准确性和分辨率不断提高,给人类思想带来了三个独特的伦理挑战:一是有可能侵犯大脑内容的隐私;二是剥夺了个人对其思想的完全控制权;三是由于神经技术助力健康人类认知能力增强可能导致社会不公平。在此背景下,需要将认知自由从思想自由这一基本人权中明晰出来,与言论、出版等自由并列,发展为思想自由下的一项普遍人权。Human thoughts and spiritual life have traditionally been considered isolated from others,inaccessible to the external world,shielded by the thick skull,and functioning solely within our brains.However,significant advancements in digital technology,neuroscience,and cognitive psychology have challenged this long-standing assumption.Nowadays,“machines”are increasingly accurate and resolving in reading human thoughts,hidden intentions,and even dreams,presenting three unique ethical challenges to human thought:first,the potential invasion of privacy while accessing the information stored in the brain;second,the deprivation of complete control over one’s own thoughts;and third,social inequality caused by neurotechnology-enhanced cognitive abilities in healthy humans.Before the substantial development of neurotechnology,human thought was believed to only function within the brain and could not be accessed by the outside world,hence laws only regulated external behavior as a manifestation of thought,without touching the thought itself.The so-called“freedom of thought”in existing international human rights documents leans more towards a legal manner of expressing thoughts in the external environment,closely linked with expression.The pursuit of freedom of thought is actively manifested as freedom of speech and publication,to mentioned but a few.Cognitive liberty is the intrinsic manifestation of freedom of thought and a prerequisite for freedom of speech and publication.Both belong to the category of freedom of thought,with cognitive liberty being the internal form and freedom of speech and publication being the external expression.Cognitive liberty is the right to self-determination over our brain and mental experiences,encompassing both the right to access and utilize technology and the right to protect our mental privacy and shield our thoughts from interference.At the time core human rights treaties such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights were formulated,neurotechnology had not yet penetrated our

关 键 词：脑机接口 认知自由 思想自由 精神隐私 人的尊严 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]