基于时变预测控制的直流炉供热机组电热协调变负荷策略  

Electric heating coordinated load variation strategy for once through boiler based on time-varying model predictive control

作　　者：张小科 韩崇尚 郝倚燃 王建波 张少锋 胡怀中[2] ZHANG Xiaoke;HAN Chongshang;HAO Yiran;WANG Jianbo;ZHANG Shaofeng;HU Huaizhong(Electric Power Science Research Institute of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company,Zhengzhou 450000,China;School of Automation Science and Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院,河南郑州450000 [2]西安交通大学自动化科学与工程学院,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《热力发电》2025年第3期79-89,共11页Thermal Power Generation

摘　　要：“双碳”背景下要求直流炉供热机组具备快速变负荷能力。对此,提出一种基于线性时变模型预测控制(linear time-varying model predictive control,LTV-MPC)的电热协调变负荷策略,可同时利用锅炉蓄热和热网蓄热以提高变负荷速率。首先,对热负荷信号偏差进行积分从而建立等效热负荷模型,并将其作为预测模型的被控量之一;然后,以负荷快速跟踪、机组运行稳定以及供热及时补偿作为MPC滚动优化的目标,进而在线求解每个时刻的最优控制律并作用于机组,此外,显式处理了机组运行约束,确保供热抽汽流量变化不会影响低压缸运行稳定性;最后,基于某350 MW机组进行仿真验证,结果表明,该策略能够实现对5%Pe/min变负荷指令的精准跟踪,且相较于基于PID的电热协调变负荷策略,热负荷恢复时间缩短26%。仿真结果验证了所提策略在提升供热机组快速变负荷能力方面的优越性。Under the background of“dual-carbon”goal,the combined heat and power units with once through boilers are required to have the ability to quickly change load.To address this need,a strategy based on linear time-varying model predictive control(LTV-MPC)for coordinating electricity and heat to change unit load is proposed,which can simultaneously utilize boiler heat storage and heat network heat storage to improve the rate of variable load.Firstly,the deviation of the heat load signal is integrated to establish an equivalent heat load model,which is used as one of the controlled variables in the prediction model.Then,by taking rapid load tracking,stable unit operation,and timely compensation for heating as the objective of MPC rolling optimization,the optimal control law for each moment is solved online,and then it is applied to the unit.In addition,the operational constraints of the unit are explicitly addressed to ensure that changes in the heating extraction flow rate do not affect the operational stability of the low-pressure cylinder.Finally,simulation verification is conducted on a 350 MW unit,and the results show that this strategy can accurately track the 5%Pe/min variable load command.Furthermore,the heat load recovery time is reduced by 26%compared with that of the electric heating coordinated variable load strategy based on PID.The simulation results have verified the superiority of the proposed strategy in improving the fast load changing capacity of heating units.

关 键 词：直流炉供热机组 电热协调 快速变负荷 热负荷补偿 时变模型预测控制 

分 类 号：TM6[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]