大慧宗杲的悟之構造  

Structuring Satori:The Chan Buddhism of Dahui Zonggao

作　　者： 楊玉飛(譯) Yanagi Mikiyasu;Yang Yufei

机构地区：[1]東京大學東洋文化研究所 [2]宜春學院江西宗教問題研究中心

出　　处：《佛教文化研究》2024年第2期114-142,352,361,362,共32页Studies of Buddhist Culture

基　　金：JSPS科研經費(JP20K00060、21K00060、22H00001)的資助。

摘　　要：大慧宗杲(1089—1163)確立的看話禪不僅爲中國禪門譜寫出了具有劃時代意義的篇章,鼓舞和指引學道者們參悟話頭的妙處,努力向開悟見性的歷程邁進,還對中國宋朝以后的禪宗、宋明理學的走向都産生了很大的影響。本文通過對大慧宗杲所説的悟之構造進行分析,指出了其開悟和修行的四个重要内容:(1)大慧提出的看話禪是將全部意識集中在無法理解的公案中,切斷迷心之流轉,獲得驚人開悟體驗的修行方法;(2)大慧認爲開悟之後具有兩種修行方式,即頓悟後的“漸修”和“頓修”;(3)大慧提出的這兩種實踐法門來自他的修行體驗;(4)大慧所説的悟之構造可從“理”“事”兩義進行理解。Dahui Zonggao's establishment of the koan exercise marked a new era for the Chan Buddhism of China.This method of leading practitioners to awakening through the contemplation of koan had a great impact not only in Chan Buddhism from the Song period forward,but also in other areas such as neo-Confucianism.Through an analysis of Dahui's writings this article makes four key points about his teachings of Buddhist enlightenment and practice.First,Dahui taught that everyone,by this method of focusing completely on a logically insoluble koan,could break the flow of their bewildered minds to experience a sudden awakening.Second,Dahui taught that after an initial awakening,there are two types of cultivation:gradual cultivation and sudden cultivation.Third,Dahui seems to have based his teachings of gradual and sudden cultivation on his own experiences of awakening.Fourth,Dahui's teachings on awakening can be understood from the perspectives of absolute being and particular being.

关 键 词：大慧宗杲 看話禪 頓悟漸修 頓悟頓修 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]