基于动作模式的低龄老年人力量素质评价指标模型构建研究  

Construction of an Index Model for Evaluating Strength Quality of Young Elderly Based on Movement Patterns

作　　者：郭成根 郑湘平 柳鸣毅[1,2] 陈奥娜[3] 李福有 谭雪峰 孙璞 GUO Chenggen;ZHENG Xiangping;LIU Mingyi;CHEN Aona;LI Fuyou;TAN Xuefeng;SUN Pu(School of Sports Training,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;Research Center for High-quality Development of Characteristic Competitive Sports,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;School of P.E.,Wuhan Univ.of Tech.,Wuhan 430070,China;School of P.E.and Sports,Beijing Normal Univ.,Beijing 100875,China;School of P.E.,Southwest Univ.,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院运动训练学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉体育学院特色竞技体育高质量发展研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [3]武汉理工大学体育学院,湖北武汉430070 [4]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [5]西南大学体育学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2025年第3期70-78,共9页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(24YJC890016);湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究重点项目(24D100);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究青年项目(Q20234103)。

摘　　要：目的:基于动作模式探索低龄老年人力量素质的结构要素,构建与验证低龄老年人力量素质评价指标模型,并研制模型评价标准参考值。方法:采用文献资料调研、德尔菲法、测试法、数理统计法等,编制测评工具并采集533名低龄老年人力量素质数据,运用SPSS21.0和AMOS24.0等软件对指标体系进行区分度、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和信效度检验,构建并验证评价指标模型。结果:(1)基于动作模式确立了低龄老年人力量素质的结构要素,包括上肢、躯干和下肢3项一级指标,推撑、提拉、抓握、体屈、体伸、旋转、蹲起和步行8项二级指标和20项三级指标。(2)经同质性信度和结构效度检验,剔除2项三级指标后构建了低龄老年人力量素质评价指标模型。(3)模型修正后GFI=0.946,AGFI=0.924,RMSEA=0.041,SRMR=0.035,TLI=0.963,CFI=0.970,适配度指标均在可接受范围内,残差均为正且显著,无违反估计,验证了模型的区分度、信度和效度。(4)研制了模型评价标准参考值,并通过系统内折半回代检验,验证了标准的适切性。结论:本研究基于动作模式构建了低龄老年人力量素质评价指标模型,并研制了模型的评价标准参考值。该模型具有较好的区分度、信度和效度,其创新性和实用价值对于落实健康老龄化的理念,推进健康中国的建设具有重要意义。未来研究可在本模型基础上,进一步开发基于动作模式的低龄老年人力量素质精准化干预方案,最终形成基于动作模式的力量素质“测评—干预”一体化体系。This study aimed to examine the structural components of strength quality in young the elderly from the perspective of movement patterns,developing and validating a strength quality evaluation model,and established reference values for its evaluation criteria.A combination of literature review,Delphi method,physical testing,and statistical analysis was employed.Strength quality data were collected from 533 young elderly and an analysis was made through SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 24.0.Differentiation analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,and reliability tests were conducted to assess the index system and validate the evaluation model.The structural components of strength quality were identified based on movement patterns,comprising three primary indicators(upper limbs,trunk,and lower limbs),eight secondary indicators(pushing,lifting,grasping,body flexion,body extension,rotation,squatting,and walking),and 20 tertiary indicators.Following homogeneity reliability and structural validity tests,two tertiary indicators were removed,resulting in the final structural model for strength quality evaluation.Model fit adjustments yielded the following indices:GFI=0.946,AGFI=0.924,RMSEA=0.041,SRMR=0.035,TLI=0.963,and CFI=0.970.All indices were within acceptable ranges,with positive and significant residuals,confirming the absence of estimation violations.These findings supported the model’s differentiation,reliability,and validity.Evaluation criteria and reference values were established for the model.Their appropriateness was verified using the in-system split-half-cross validation method.It could be concluded that the model demonstrated strong discriminatory power,reliability,and validity.Its innovative approach and practical significance contributed to advancing the concept of healthy aging and supporting the development of a healthy China.Future research should refine the model to develop precise strength intervention programs,ultimately leading to an integrated“assessment-intervention”system for

关 键 词：老年人 力量素质 动作模式 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：G804.68[文化科学—运动人体科学]