“自下而上的”美学:费希纳与实验美学的初创  

“Bottom-up”Aesthetics:Gustav Theodor Fechner and theFounding of Experimental Aesthetics

作　　者：陈巍 刘童玮 CHEN Wei;LIU Tongwei(Department of Psychology,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000,China;Department of Philosophy,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院心理学系,浙江绍兴312000 [2]上海师范大学哲学系,上海200234

出　　处：《美育学刊》2025年第2期29-38,共10页Journal of Aesthetic Education

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“审美主客体相互作用的中介范式及心脑机制研究”(19ZDA043)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：古斯塔夫·西奥多·费希纳是心理物理学和实验美学的开创者。他将心理物理学推广至他所关注的美学与艺术现象,围绕黄金分割和艺术品真实性问题进行实验研究。费希纳区分了“哲学的”美学和“经验的”美学,强调建立一般美学体系所需的经验基础,提议用“自下而上的”经验方法来补充“自上而下的”的思辨方法。在此基础上,他提出了三种实验美学方法:“选择法”“制作法”和“使用法”。尽管实验美学长期以来面临着来自哲学美学和实验心理学的挑战和质疑,但它至今仍在实践,并随着自然化哲学的浪潮愈发显现出其活力和复兴之势。Gustav Theodore Fechner was the founder of psychophysics and experimental aesthetics.He extended the realm of psychophysics to the aesthetic and artistic phenomena he was interested in,conducting empirical investigations on the golden section and the authenticity of artworks.Fechner distinguished between philosophical aesthetics and empirical aesthetics,emphasizing the empirical foundation necessary for establishing a general aesthetic system and advocating for supplementing the speculative method“from top to bottom”with the empirical approach“from bottom to top”.On this basis,he proposed three approaches of experimental aesthetics that can be used individually or in combination:the“method of choice”,the“method of production”,and the“method of use”.Despite the long-standing challenges and doubts from philosophical aesthetics and experimental psychology,experimental aesthetics continues to be practiced and has increasingly shown its vitality and signs of revival by the wave of naturalized philosophy.

关 键 词：实验美学 费希纳 经验美学 公共空间美学 自然化美学 

分 类 号：B83[哲学宗教—美学] B84