健康老龄化背景下齐齐哈尔市老年人数字素养影响因素及社会融入数字化场景分析  

Factors influencing digital literacy and difficulties in using digital devices among older adults in Qiqihar city:a cross-sectional survey

作　　者：闫泽煜 朱逸飞 潘天一 王子予 郝艳华[1] 毕雪晶 YAN Zeyu;ZHU Yifei;PAN Tianyi;WANG Ziyu;HAO Yanhua;BI Xuejing(School of Health Management,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150081,China;School of Basic Nursing,Harbin Medical University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,哈尔滨150081 [2]哈尔滨医科大学护理学院基础护理学部,大庆163319

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2025年第2期165-169,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72274046);黑龙江省“新时代龙江优秀博士论文立项”(LJYXL2022-089)。

摘　　要：目的了解黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市老年人数字素养影响因素以及老年人融入数字社会的困难场景,为增强老年人在数字社会的适应力、促进健康老龄化目标实现提供参考依据。方法于2023年10月采取分层整群抽样方法在黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市抽取390名老年人通过问卷调查测量老年人数字素养水平,应用多元线性回归模型分析老年人数字素养的主要影响因素,并对老年人融入数字社会的困难场景进行分析。结果齐齐哈尔市老年人数字素养总分和标准化得分分别为(17.72±14.08)分和(1.11±0.88)分,数字认知维度得分和标准化得分分别为(7.31±4.68)分和(1.83±1.17)分,数字信息能力维度得分和标准化得分分别为(6.07±6.55)分和(0.86±0.94)分,数字操作技能维度得分和标准化得分分别为(4.35±4.61)分和(0.87±0.92)分;多元线性回归分析结果显示,文化程度越高(β=3.476)、月平均收入越高(β=5.213)、对数字设备感知可用性越高(β=4.452)和感知易用性越高(β=5.330)的齐齐哈尔市老年人数字素养越高,年龄越高(β=–2.303)的齐齐哈尔市老年人数字素养越低(均P<0.05);齐齐哈尔市390名老年人中,高数字素养组老年人191人(49.0%),低数字素养组老年人199人(51.0%);低数字素养组老年人存在困难的主要数字化场景为扫码出入(23.0%)、就医挂号(22.4%)、买票出行(18.4%)和手机支付(18.4%),高数字素养组老年人存在困难的主要数字化场景为就医挂号(28.8%)、买票出行(26.3%)和打网约车(22.2%)。结论齐齐哈尔市老年人数字素养较低,年龄、文化程度、月平均收入以及对数字设备的感知可用性和感知易用性是该地区老年人数字素养的主要影响因素;老年人在数字就医和数字出行场景的困难较大,建议多策并举增强其在数字化社会的适应力。Objective To understand the influencing factors of digital literacy and the difficulties of integration into the digital society among older adults in Qiqihar city in order to provide a reference for enhancing the adaptability of older adults in the digital society and promoting the realization of healthy aging goals.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling and a self-developed questionnaire,face-to-face interviews were conducted in October 2023 with 390 residents aged 60 years and older from 3 urban and 4 rural communities in Qiqihar city,Heilongjiang province.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the main factors influencing older adults'digital literacy.Older adults'difficulties in using digital devices were also analyzed.Results For all participants,the crude and standardized total digital literacy scores were 17.72±14.08 and 1.11±0.88,with crude and standardized dimensional scores of 7.31±4.68 and 1.83±1.17 for cognition,6.07±6.55 and 0.86±0.94 for information acquisition skills,and 4.35±4.61 and 0.87±0.92 for operational skills,respectively.Of the 390 participants,191(49.0%)were classified as high digital literacy and 199(51.0%)as low digital literacy.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher education level(β=3.476),average monthly personal income(β=5.213),perceived usefulness(β=4.452),and perceived ease of use of digital devices(β=5.330)were associated with higher digital literacy among the participants,while older age(β=–2.303)was associated with lower digital literacy(all P<0.05).For participants with low digital literacy,the main difficulties in using digital devices were scanning codes to enter or exit public places(the selected number accounted for 23%),registering for medical care(22.4%),buying tickets for commuting or travel(18.4%),and making mobile payments(18.4%);for participants with high digital literacy,the main difficulties were registering for medical care(28.8%),buying tickets for commuting or travel(26.3%),and using a ride-hailing service onlin

关 键 词：数字素养 影响因素 社会融入 数字化场景 老年人 健康老龄化 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]